Wednesday, 24 June 2020

Transformational change in the scholarship of medical education - Best Practice Session @ AMEE 2020: The Virtual Conference


https://amee.org/conferences/amee-2020/programme/best-practice/sustaining-the-move-to-online-teaching-and-learnin

Best Practice session at AMEE 2020: The Virtual Conference – 7-9 September 2020

Sustaining the move to online teaching and learning during and after the COVID-19 pandemic 

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a huge global shift to online delivery of the curriculum, with many innovative approaches. Sustaining these changes to provide high quality teaching and learning using online approaches will require a transformational change in learners, educators and institutions. This change will be a challenge for all medical educators, in both high and low resource settings. An essential aspect of responding to this challenge will be a transformational change in the scholarship of medical education to ensure that rapid cycles of evaluation can inform best practice.

Chair - John

Presenters

Transformational change in learners  (12 minutes) - Monika

Transformational change in educators and institutions  (12 minutes) - Kalyani

Transformational change in the scholarship of medical education (12 minutes) - John and Poh-Sun

 - Key areas to change and effective responses based on 'best practice' and examples eg from MedEdPublish

- Importance of rapid iterative cycles of evaluation to refine interventions through use of action research and educational design research, and rapid dissemination.

-Consider implications for providing evidence.

-Recommendations on 'best practice' and examples eg from MedEdPublish

- Session Padlet wall link 
https://padlet.com/dnrgohps/SustainingOnlineTeachingLearningScholarshipAMEE20
(this open access online discussion space can be used by participants to post questions, and comment on points brought up during the session - to document this, and make this visible before, during and after the conference session) 

Made with Padlet


🔻
⏯ Segment presentation Slide Deck below


or click / tap on image above
⏯ Screencastify link for my presentation (Video and Audio)





Delegates can submit questions through Slido during the session. You can use the direct link below to access those questions. After clicking the Slido link please choose your session code from the drop down menu in the top right corner. The page will then show you the questions as they are being asked. 

BP9.1 Slido Q&A Link:

BP9.2 Slido Q&A Link: 


above avatar for Poh-Sun Goh
@ AMEE 2020














Recording of live Q and A available on demand (online), with 
elaboration on answers to some of the posted questions on session Padlet, also screenshot below.


https://public.virtwayevents.com/launch/AMEE-2020

post Virtual AMEE 2020 access videos on demand (of presentations and live Q and A) at
AMEE Resource Centre (via My Account link, after signing in)

Slide Deck for my presentation below


Sustaining the move to online teaching and learning during and after the Covid-19 pandemic - Transformational change in the scholarship of medical education (Slide Deck) from Poh-Sun Goh

Supplementary slide below


Technology transforming medical education and scholarship from Poh-Sun Goh

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-scholarship-in-medical-education-145349537

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-scholar-the-scholarship-cycle-valueimpactrecognition

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/building-blocks-of-digital-scholarship-in-medical-education

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⏯ Opening quote below

Building a portfolio of academic scholarship and The academic cycle 
by
Goh Poh Sun (first draft on April 10th, 2016 at 1737hrs)

"The process of building a portfolio of academic scholarship requires attention to, as well as regular participation in and focus on an area of academic work; getting training, building experience, and developing an understanding of current and topical academic conversations in that area; by reading, attending major academic conferences, through conference presentations, presenting at symposia and workshops; developing ideas further and deepening insights through reflection and discourse; then continuing the academic cycle by getting feedback on these insights by progressively disseminating these ideas through case studies, reflection pieces and peer reviewed papers, both online and through traditional academic peer reviewed publications and conference presentations."





➡ Sustainable/sustaining implementation tip: For faculty, get training. For institutions, provide training (faculty development).

example of faculty development workshop below, and best practice session



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⏯ Three (conceptual) definitions:

Three (conceptual) definitions:

➡ 'Best Practice is' - 'A technique or methodology that, through experience and research, has proven to reliably lead to a desired result'.
quoted from
https://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/best-practice#

➡ 'Digitalisation is' - 'Digitalisation is the incorporation of digital technologies into business/social processes, with the goal of improving them'.
quoted from
https://www.scrive.com/digitalisation/

➡ 'Digital transformation is' - 'a change in how a firm employs digital technologies, to develop a new digital business model that helps to create and appropriate more value for the firm'.
quoted from
Peter C. Verhoef, Thijs Broekhuizen, Yakov Bart, Abhi Bhattacharya, John Qi Dong, Nicolai Fabian, Michael Haenlein. (2019) 'Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda',
Journal of Business Research,
ISSN 0148-2963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296319305478)

and
- 'Digital transformation marks a radical rethinking of how an organization uses technology, people and processes to fundamentally change business performance'.
George Westerman
MIT principal research scientist
Author of Leading Digital: Turning Technology Into Business Transformation
quoted in
https://www.cio.com/article/3211428/what-is-digital-transformation-a-necessary-disruption.html

and
- 'Digital transformation is a foundational change in how an organization delivers value to its customers'.
Clint Boulton
quoted from
https://www.cio.com/article/3211428/what-is-digital-transformation-a-necessary-disruption.html


https://www2.deloitte.com/il/en/pages/innovation/article/disruptive_vs_sustaining.html

https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation

https://claytonchristensen.com/key-concepts/

https://sites.google.com/site/saundersij/innovation-theory/sustaining-innovation

http://strategictoolkits.com/strategic-concepts/disruptive-and-sustaining-innovation/


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⏯ Three takeaways and three sustaining implementation tips:

Three takeaways:
Poh-Sun Goh

⏯First takeaway: Digital Content (for Teaching and Scholarship)

1. Digital content (created and curated), the web, software (apps) and mobile devices enable educators to connect with learners with much less resource constraints than earlier generations, much faster, and easier. Digital content includes digital artefacts and evidence of our scholarly efforts. Our scholarly output is visible, accessible, and assessable - both quantity and quality.

Goh, P.S. eLearning or Technology enhanced learning in medical education - Hope, not Hype. Med Teach. 2016 Sep; 38(9): 957-958, Epub 2016 Mar 16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982639

Expanded narrative for first takeaway below.

Technology enhanced learning, or eLearning.

Reflecting on my use of Technology in teaching, learning, and in faculty development today.

Key words which come to mind include ‘ease” of use, ‘expanding’ and ‘extending’ access, and my reach as a teacher, with students and trainees, and fellow teachers. To create, and curate content (with attribution), including graphics, video and multimedia. To work together, and collaborate.

There is great democratisation of access to, and understanding of how to use the tools and platforms available. We start off with digital content (our PowerPoint deck comes to mind), which can then be accessed, and shared, in multiple formats and forms.

➡ Sustainable/sustaining implementation tip: Focus on curating and creating reusable, granular and modular digital content accessible and assessable on online digital repositories - (some open access, some restricted access digital content following appropriate and accepted professional usage guidelines, including those for professional use, consent, privacy, and attribution/intellectual property). This includes digital artefacts and examples of our scholarly output, in digital portfolios.

The limiting factors are time, motivation, awareness, training - including in pedagogy, instructional design and design thinking, and an experimental, rapid improvement, scholarly and scholarship mindset, and mindfulness of not only the positive use of technology, but also the ‘dark’ side of technology use, and pitfalls in its use.

All this against a backdrop of ongoing rapid, exciting, exponential expansion of technology adoption and use by increasing numbers of individuals worldwide, with technology development, and innovative application of technology within, and outside education making the news on a daily basis. The excitement, and engagement I feel with technology use is due to many of the features and points made in Step 1 (section first posted on blogpost below).

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2018/12/what-is-technology-enhanced-learning.html


⏯Second takeaway: Digital platforms (for Teaching and Scholarship)

2. Technology/Digitalisation enables rapid content curation, and much easier content creation, and dissemination, aided by low cost and open access platforms and tools which promote access, and visibility of our educational and training efforts. This includes digitalisation of the scholarly process. Indicators and metrics, visibility and access to intermediate and final outcomes of our scholarly activities to engage with, evaluate and assess.

Goh, P.S. Using a blog as an integrated eLearning tool and platform. Med Teach. 2016 Jun;38(6):628-9. Epub 2015 Nov 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558420

Expanded narrative for takeaway 2 below.

Digital Scholarship and Engagement - Indicators, Metrics, Value and Impact

eLearning or TEL(Technology Enhanced Learning) is increasingly being integrated into medical education and training, from undergraduate, through postgraduate to continuing education and lifelong learning settings, with increasing emphasis on blended and mobile learning, in the workplace and just-in-time settings. TEL with utilisation of digital content and engagement provides visibility of our teaching and training efforts as educators, showing ‘what we teach with, and assess on’ (Goh, 2016). TEL approaches can also be used to provide visibility and metrics of student engagement, as well as demonstrate intermediate and final outcomes of student learning (Goh & Sandars, 2016; Goh, 2017). TEL is increasing transforming medical education, going beyond substitution, augmentation and modification of learning - the ‘SAMR model’ (Puentedura, 2013). Reflective educators, and educational scholars have always sought to evaluate and assess the value and impact of their teaching and training efforts, and Digital Scholarship, with attention paid to data, indicators and metrics of engagement and output, can facilitate these efforts. Use of 'free', low cost, off the shelf, easy to use and accessible digital tools and platforms, combined with curated and created digital content repositories, by faculty who are 'digitally literate' and professional, facilitates adoption and scaling up of our scholarly efforts (Goh, 2018). This has direct benefits for faculty members during the academic appointment, appraisal and promotion process; for an academic community by making scholarly activities easily accessible, and for an institution by making academic and scholarly activities by faculty members both easily accessible and visible.
(above posted earlier on blogpost link below)
https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2018/09/digital-scholarship.html

➡ Sustainable/sustaining implementation tip: Use open access and usable/easy to use low cost technology tools and platforms. Know what tech is available to faculty and students. Which can be used to support our teaching, and scholarly efforts.

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/adoption-of-elearning-in-med-ed-costs-and-value-add-82738401


⏯Third takeaway: Digital processes (for Teaching and Scholarship)

3. Rapid cycle, by design, iterative, cumulative educational and scholarly efforts assisted and augmented by technology promotes academic discourse and peer critique and feedback, building and adding to communities of practice as educators, and scholars. Technology enhances and offers the potential to transform educational scholarship.

Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'Rethinking scholarship in medical education during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 97, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000097.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3116

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-scholarship-in-medical-education-145349537

Expanded narrative for takeaway 3 below.

Our creativity, and innovation efforts are assisted by technology to enable rapid cycle action research, informed by design thinking principles. Creativity, Curation, Transfer to Practice, and Digital Teaching (with learning analytics making the educational and training process as well as intermediate and final outcomes of learning and training visible, accessible and available for evaluation) have analogies with accepted categories of the Scholarship of Discovery, Integration, Application and Teaching. By being open, accessible and assessable, technology facilitates, enables, and augments both traditional and newer forms of scholarship, and provides visibility and evidence of this for academic review and recognition. The COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the impact of open sharing of clinical and educational case studies, and clinical practices (both effective, and less so) in a collaborative, networked world - for example https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus (NEJM Covid-19 resources) and https://amee.org/covid-19 (AMEE Covid-19 resources, including interactive webinars, and rapid open access post publication peer review online journal articles in MedEdPublish). This facilitates peer and academic critique, commentary and possibilities to learn from, and add to the efforts of individuals, groups and societies, with impact illustrated vividly and openly in our public health response to the Covid-19 pandemic; and rapid, usable, useful and effective widespread implementation of online learning and training.

➡ Sustainable/sustaining implementation tip: What before Why and How. Know purpose/outcomes, pedagogy, content and technology. Practices founded on empirical observation, experience, feedback, data, evidence, evaluation (of outcomes and impact) and scholarship. Digital artefacts and examples of our scholarly output within digital portfolios can be systematically, progressively and cumulatively assembled, following accepted traditional and newer criteria (quantitative and qualitative) for assessing and evaluating academic output, and impact, producing a coherent narrative and portfolio of academic work. Digitalisation and technology facilitates and potentially transforms the process, outputs and outcomes of our academic work.

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/building-blocks-of-digital-scholarship-in-medical-education


'Online viewership of an educational scholars digital output is a proxy for quantitative impact; and the type and extent of dissemination and discussion a proxy for qualitative impact; with similarities to traditional scholarship. To illustrate this ... '
and
'Digital platforms have the added advantage of augmenting and accelerating the dissemination and potential critique of educational ideas, by promoting access and leveraging on the strength, connectivity and reach of the internet. From this perspective, the volume of digital viewership and downloads is evidence of the value, and usefulness of online content. The type, nature, extent and depth of online (similar to traditional) dissemination and discussion of digital content is evidence of the value and worth of the digital content.'
above quotes from Digital Scholarship section, article below
Goh PS, 2016, 'The value and impact of eLearning or Technology enhanced learning from one perspective of a Digital Scholar', MedEdPublish, 5, [3], 31, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016.000117
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/613

for example

⏯Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'A vision of the use of technology in medical education after the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 49, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000049.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/2943
(2020) Top-rated MedEdPublish Articles – March 2020, Medical Teacher, 42:7, 832, DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1762062
(over 11,000 views, and 9 reviews, and 30 citations on Google Scholar as of 6 September 2020)

⏯Sandars, J., Correia, R., Dankbaar, M., de Jong, P., Goh, P.S., Hege, I., Masters, K., Oh, S.Y., Patel, R., Premkumar, K., Webb, A., Pusic, M. (2020). 'Twelve tips for rapidly migrating to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic'. MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 82, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000082.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3068
(2020) Top-rated MedEdPublish Articles – April 2020, Medical Teacher, 42:8, 952, DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1774483
(over 11,000 views, and 7 reviews, and 13 citations on Google Scholar as of 6 September 2020)

⏯Liaw SY, Augustin CG, Ying L, Tan SC, Lim WS, Goh PS. Multiuser Virtual Worlds in Healthcare Education: A Systematic Review. Nurse Education Today. Volume 65, June 2018, Pages 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.01.006 Accepted for publication on 11 January 2018, available online 2 February 2018).
(22 citations on Google Scholar, 13 citations on Scopus, PlumX Metrics of paper as of 18 July 2020, more about https://plumanalytics.com/learn/about-metrics/)

⏯Goh, P.S. The value and impact of eLearning or Technology enhanced learning from one perspective of a Digital Scholar. MedEdPublish. 2016 Oct; 5(3), Paper No:31. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016.000117
(over 3250 views, and 3 reviews, and 4 citations on Google Scholar as of 18 July 2020)

⏯Goh, P.S. eLearning or Technology enhanced learning in medical education - Hope, not Hype. Med Teach. 2016 Sep; 38(9): 957-958, Epub 2016 Mar 16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982639
(over 1,100 views, 18 citations on Google Scholar, 12 CrossRef citations, Altmetric score 7 as of 18 July 2020)

⏯Dong C, Goh PS. Twelve tips for the effective use of videos in medical education. Med Teach. 2015 Feb; 37(2):140-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110154
(over 3,500 views, 84 citations on Google Scholar, 45 CrossRef citations, Altmetric score 25 as of 6 September 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/everything-i-have-learnt-about-elearning
(over 34,000 views on SlideShare as of 12 July 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/reflect-on-how-blooms-taxonomy-and-millers-pyramid-might-apply-to-learning-continuum-map
(over 22,000 views on SlideShare as of 12 July 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-educational-resource-hyperlinked-index-vs-restaurant-menu
(over 15,000 views on SlideShare as of 12 July 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/adoption-of-elearning-in-med-ed-costs-and-value-add-82738401
(over 10,300 views on SlideShare as of 6 September 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/elearning-in-med-ed
(over 10,000 views on SlideShare as of 6 September 2020)

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-scholar-the-scholarship-cycle-valueimpactrecognition
(over 6,350 views on SlideShare as of 6 September 2020)

Google Scholar (Dr Poh Sun Goh)

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2019/06/digital-scholar-participation-in-amee.html

MHPE (2009-2012). Faculty development program at MEU and CenMED, NUS (since 2010); presentations, workshops and symposia at APMEC (since 2011) and AMEE (since 2012); workshop at Faculty Development Conference in Helsinki, Finland (2017); as invited faculty for SIF program and SEARAME conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka (2014); medical education conferences in Kaohsiung, Taiwan (2015); closing Pecha Kucha session at AMEE2016, BarcelonaSpain (2016); Jakarta, Indonesia (2016, and 2019); Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2018); Tokyo, Japan (2018); Basel, Switzerland (2018); Taipei, Taiwan (2018); visiting professor in Almaty, Kazakhstan (2015); plenary speaker, IAMSE 2020, Denver, USA, and Hong Kong (2020). FAMEE (2017).

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2017/09/sotl-in-meded.html

--------

🔻
⏯ Closing comments and end of segment exercise

➡ 'Digitalisation is' - 'Digitalisation is the incorporation of digital technologies into business/social processes, with the goal of improving them'.
quoted from
https://www.scrive.com/digitalisation/


Digitalisation can:

Show what we teach with and assess on.
Show how we teach, and students learn.
Show outcomes and impact of our educational and training efforts.
Allow us to engage in and demonstrate scholarship in a visible, accessible and assessable manner.

                                         Poh-Sun Goh, 28 June 2020 @ 0849am


Digital Scholarship is:

"The use of technology to support educational scholarship has been called digital scholarship" (Goh and Sandars, 2019)
Goh PS, Sandars J, 2019, 'Digital Scholarship – rethinking educational scholarship in the digital world', MedEdPublish, 8, [2], 15, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2019.000085.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/2286

Digital Scholarship to make (our efforts) visible, accessible, and assessable

Digital scholarship, to add to academic discourse, and get recognised for this
(can be disseminated and scaled up on Social Media)

e.g.
https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2020/03/a-vision-of-use-of-technology-in.html

#IAMSE20 Plenary: Medical Educator Roles of the Future
see below
https://www.facebook.com/pg/MedicalEducator/videos/

https://twitter.com/search?q=poh-sun%20goh&src=typed_query

https://twitter.com/search?q=poh%20sun%20goh&src=typed_query

https://twitter.com/search?q=goh%20poh%20sun&src=typed_query



above from




above from

see also







see more on

and


below example of outcomes from faculty development workshop on Technology enhanced learning (TEL) or eLearning

End of Session Exercise
Illustrated below, with narrated slide audio clip link below (Using AVR audio note taking free App for IOS platform, one of many for illustration. Note Android has similar Apps.)

for above slide

above example of outcomes from faculty development workshop on eLearning or TEL
more on link below

---------

🔻
⏯ Further reading

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/digital-scholar-the-scholarship-cycle-valueimpactrecognition

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2020/06/rethinking-scholarship-of-teaching-and.html

⏯Sandars J., Goh PS. (2020) 'How to make it work: a framework for rapid research to inform evidence-based decision –making about the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 154, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000154.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3225

⏯Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'Rethinking scholarship in medical education during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 97, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000097.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3116

⏯Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'A vision of the use of technology in medical education after the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 49, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000049.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/2943

⏯Sandars, J., Correia, R., Dankbaar, M., de Jong, P., Goh, P.S., Hege, I., Masters, K., Oh, S.Y., Patel, R., Premkumar, K., Webb, A., Pusic, M. (2020). 'Twelve tips for rapidly migrating to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic'. MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 82, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000082.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3068

'Digital analytic metrics provide data on the number of views and links to published online content, which can be directly related to the size of the online audience (interest), and usefulness of the content (audience size, and recommendation). This data can be used to assess the impact of digital scholarship.'
above quote from
⏯Goh PS, Sandars J. (2019). Digital Scholarship – rethinking educational scholarship in the digital world, MedEdPublish, 8, [2], 15, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2019.000085.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/2286
https://doaj.org/article/4ee2c0c28d0f4437b5cfbffd78e08e53

⏯Sandars, J., & Goh, P.-S. (2020). Design Thinking in Medical Education: The Key Features and Practical Application. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520926518


Weller, M. (2011) The Digital Scholar: How Technology Is Transforming Scholarly Practice. London: Bloomsbury Academic. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849666275
see Chapter 1: Digital, Networked and Open
and Chapter 4: The Nature of Scholarship
and Chapter 11: Reward and Tenure


Husain, A., Repanshek, Z., Singh, M., Ankel, F., Beck-Esmay, J., Cabrera, D., Chan, T. M., Cooney, R., Gisondi, M., Gottlieb, M., Khadpe, J., Repanshek, J., Mason, J., Papanagnou, D., Riddell, J., Trueger, N. S., Zaver, F., & Brumfield, E. (2020). Consensus Guidelines for Digital Scholarship in Academic Promotion. The western journal of emergency medicine, 21(4), 883–891. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.46441
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390542/

Shuhan He, Debbie Lai, Sarah Mott, Andrew Little, Andrew Grock, Mary R. C. Haas, and Teresa M. Chan (2020) Remote e-Work and Distance Learning for Academic Medicine: Best Practices and Opportunities for the Future. Journal of Graduate Medical Education: June 2020, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 256-263.
https://www.jgme.org/doi/abs/10.4300/JGME-D-20-00242.1

Junghwan Kevin Dong, Colleen Saunders, Benjamin W. Wachira, Brent Thoma, Teresa M. Chan,
Social media and the modern scientist: a research primer on social media-based research, dissemination, and sharing,African Journal of Emergency Medicine,
2020, ISSN 2211-419X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.04.005.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X2030029X

Chan, Teresa & Stehman, Christine & Gottlieb, Michael & Thoma, Brent. (2020). A Short History of Free Open Access Medical Education. The Past, Present, and Future. ATS Scholar. 1. ats-scholar.202. 10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0014PS.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0014PS

Susanne Pelger & Maria Larsson (2018) Advancement towards the scholarship of teaching and learning through the writing of teaching portfolios, International Journal for Academic Development, 23:3, 179-191, DOI: 10.1080/1360144X.2018.1435417
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1360144X.2018.1435417

Scholarly Communication on the Academic Social Web (preview in Google Books)
see section on Digital Scholarship and Scholarly Collaboration

Social Media in Academia: Networked Scholars (preview in Google Books)
see section on Pressures amongst Scholars for Scholarship to change

https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2016/04/05/value-crossover-scholarship-academics-essay









Workshop for the 4th International Conference on Faculty Development held jointly with AMEE 2017. Submission ID: 73

Titled: Modular Blended eFaculty Development using Blogs and Instagram

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2017/06/amee-20174th-international-conference.html


Examples of modular learning from business education:
(how ideas from the business literature can inform, add to and sustain our activities and educators and educational scholars)

https://thepowermba.com/en/curriculum/

Google search for 'Alexander Osterwalder’s Canvas and applying it to top real-life cases'

https://medium.com/pitchspot/the-business-model-canvas-explained-1f5b76207f7f

https://www.businessmodelsinc.com/about-bmi/tools/business-model-canvas/

then do further key word, key idea online searches, example below

https://www.superoffice.com/blog/digital-transformation/

https://fourweekmba.com/business-model-canvas/#Google_Business_Model_Canvas_Case_Study

https://personalmba.com/

https://personalmba.com/chapter/value-creation/

https://online.hbs.edu/

https://online.hbs.edu/courses/

https://www.thoughtleadershiplab.com/Resources/WhatIsaThoughtLeader

https://www.thoughtleadershiplab.com/aboutdenise/aboutthebook/7stepprocess

https://www.qs.com/what-will-the-future-of-medical-education-look-like/


🔻
⏯ Analytics















Sunday, 21 June 2020

Interactive M3 Radiology Tutorials


Open access online material - for discussion during "live" online Zoom tutorial, Wednesday, 24 June 2020 @ 1pm. NUS Entrada session link


Open access online material - for discussion during "live" online Zoom tutorial, Friday, 17 July 2020 @ 1pm. NUS Entrada session link


Open access online material - for discussion during "live" online Zoom tutorial, Friday, 14 September 2020 @ 1pm. NUS Entrada session link




Open access online material - for discussion during "live" online Zoom tutorial, Friday, 13 November 2020 @ 1pm. NUS Entrada session link












Some tips to increase your learning and training effectiveness and efficiency:
Poh-Sun Goh

1. Reflect on the purpose of your medical education and expected outcomes of your undergraduate education and clinical training process.
2. Your current clinical exposure to case based learning in the emergency department, wards, and clinics-outpatient settings builds on a foundation of pre-clinical basic sciences in year 1 and 2 of the medical program (with anatomy and pathology particularly applicable to the interpretation of radiology / imaging studies of your patients).
3. For the abdomen, think about what anatomical structures lie within the area of interest/clinical presentation, or may present with the clinical symptoms and signs exhibited by your patients. Ask yourself what radiological investigation you might request or review in order to make a diagnosis - to rule in, or rule out potential clinical diagnosis. Radiology helps you to "see living anatomy and pathology" in your patients. Thus confirm or exclude diagnosis. Keep in mind that early disease may have very subtle of "negative" imaging during the early stages of clinically symptomatic disease.
4. Review the Radiology studies for your patients. Ask yourself why certain investigations were performed. And in what order.
5. Correlate imaging findings with your clinical observations. Do they make sense, correlate with clinical findings, or do you have to entertain alternative diagnostic possibilities?
6. Use textbooks and a wide variety of online resources to improve your diagnostic and interpretative skills. Practice, practice, practice with reflection and feedback, using a range of resources, to increase your exposure to the variety and spectrum of clinical and imaging findings, both normal and abnormal, from typical, to less common and atypical (as you progress to increase your experience and mastery of clinical practice, and improve your knowledge and skills from undergraduate, through postgraduate to continuing professional development and lifelong learning settings).
7. Compare and contrast is one of the simplest and most effective methods to learn to recognise and differentiate between normal and abnormal XRs and scans. Review a series of normal XRs and scans, and then do side by side comparison between examples of normal, normal and abnormal, and examples of abnormal XRs and scans. 

https://effectiviology.com/interleaving/ (mixed practice or interleaving superior to blocked practice)

and




Session guide (one learning path) - start with 'Tips' section above, then explore material section below, all on open access websites. One path is to start with 'a curriculum', then explore an approach to the AXR, both normal, and abnormal. Followed by review of common pathology presenting as an acute abdomen on CT scans. Start with bowel perforation on erect CXR, and AXR, unknown cases, for example here, focusing on appearance of free air, and 'Rigler's sign' on AXR. Then move on to examples of acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute diverticulitis (focusing on the similarities between these three pathologies, and taking note of differences between normal and abnormal structures, paying attention to the wall of the structure, and the adjacent fat in particular). Then review bowel obstruction, on the AXR, and CT scan, paying attention to the strengths and weaknesses of the AXR, and added value of a CT scan - pay attention to visibility of bowel segment which is dilated proximal to obstructing point, and cause of obstruction shown on CT).





Saturday, 20 June 2020

Rethinking the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for a Digital Age

Rethinking the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for a Digital Age 

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is a set of unifying ideas centred around proposals put forward in a series of scholarly articles by Boyer, Glassick, Hutchings and Shulman, and embraced by the scholarly community (Boyer 1990; Glassick 2000; Hutchings & Schulman 1999). The aim of this Short Communication is to expand upon each category of scholarship proposed by Boyer, by adding the scholarship of Creation, Curation with attribution, Transfer to practice, and Workplace/Lifelong learning; add to Glassick’s six standards the Digital standards of Openness and Visibility, and expand on Hutchings and Shulman’s three minimum requirements of scholarship by incorporating ideas from networked learning and connectivism by George Siemens (Siemens 2005). We hope that this article contributes to move forward thinking on the SoTL, for a Digital Age.

The Scholarship of Creation is well accepted in the Arts, and has analogies to the creative process when a medical educator creates educational materials. A strong argument can be made, and has been made that this is similar to the recognition that artists receive, particularly when their work is presented for public review, critique and commentary (Boyer 1990; Hutchings & Schulman 1999). The creation of digital materials for medical education and training, is hard work, often inspirited by the same creative impulse that drives artistic endeavours, particularly when imbued with an intentional, informed, reflective, scholarly approach; and is similar to the scholarship of discovery. Awareness of this should be raised in both the medical education community, and amongst our administrative peers, to recognise and reward medical education scholars during appointments, promotion and the tenure process.

Similarly, the act of artistic curation, and the professional work of curators in the Arts, has similarities to the work of medical educators, when we assemble educational and training materials. A strong argument again can be made that this has similarities to the Scholarship of Integration (Boyer 1990), and should be given academic and professional recognition and reward, similar to the Scholarship of Creation. Digital platforms and processes makes the Scholarship of Curation open, accessible and visible.

Taking this argument further, the act, or Scholarship of Transfer to Practice, has an analogy with the Scholarship of Application. Digital practice makes this again particularly open, and visible to peers, assessors and evaluators, and when a scholarly approach as proposed by Glassick (2000) is applied to this Scholarship of Practice, appropriate academic recognition can be again accorded to this effort. 

The focus of outcomes of learning and teaching guides both the Scholarship of Teaching, and our focus in Workplace and Lifelong learning. Technology enhanced learning (TEL), makes the educational and learning process, as well as performance outcomes of this process open and visible, through a digital analytics process (Goh 2017). 

As we examine the categories of scholarship proposed by Boyer, the affordances of digital teaching and learning, and draw analogies and inspiration from practices in the Arts; an argument can be made that awareness, and recognition of the efforts of medical educators in Creation, Curation, Transfer to Practice and Workplace and Lifelong learning can and should given.


References:

Boyer EL. 1990. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

Glassick CE. 2000. Boyer's expanded definitions of scholarship, the standards for assessing scholarship, and the elusiveness of the scholarship of teaching. Acad
Med. Sep;75(9):877-80.

Goh, P.S. Learning Analytics in Medical Education. MedEdPublish. 2017 Apr; 6(2), Paper No:5. Epub 2017 Apr 4. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2017.000067
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/944

Siemens G. 2005. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age.International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10.

Hutchings P, Shulman LS. 1999. The Scholarship of Teaching: New Elaborations, New Developments, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 31:5, 10-15, DOI: 10.1080/00091389909604218


Three takeaways:

1) The scholarship categories proposed by Boyer (Discovery, Integration, Application and Teaching) can be each expanded to include Creation (Digital content and online repositories), Curation with attribution, Transfer to practice and Work place/Life long learning. 

2) That we add to Glassick's six standards (Clear goals, adequate preparation, appropriate methods, significant results, effective presentation and reflective critique) with Digital standards of openness (with focus on making the learning process, and data to inform - demonstrate outcomes of learning visible and accessible openly online).

3) That we expand on Schulman's three minimum requirements of scholarship (public, in form suitable for critical review and evaluation, accessible for exchange with, and to be build upon by other members of the scholarly community) for the digital age, incorporating the ideas from George Siemens (connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age) combined with classical educational pedagogy of relevant, contextual, collaborative, active learning with feedback.

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2018/09/digital-scholarship.html


Weller, M. (2011) The Digital Scholar: How Technology Is Transforming Scholarly Practice. London: Bloomsbury Academic. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849666275
see Chapter 1: Digital, Networked and Open
and Chapter 4: The Nature of Scholarship
and Chapter 11: Reward and Tenure





Tuesday, 5 May 2020

(e)Portfolios as visible and tangible evidence showcasing intermediate and final outcomes of learning, training, and professional practice

Goh PS, Sandars J. (2019). Digital Scholarship – rethinking educational scholarship in the digital world, MedEdPublish, 8, [2], 15, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2019.000085.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/2286
https://doaj.org/article/4ee2c0c28d0f4437b5cfbffd78e08e53

Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'Rethinking scholarship in medical education during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 97, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000097.1
https://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/3116

Sandars, J., & Goh, P.-S. (2020). Design Thinking in Medical Education: The Key Features and Practical Application. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520926518



https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2017/10/requirements-for-data-informed-personal.html

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/concrete-examples-data-informing-teaching-and-learning

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/tel-in-medical-education-content-engagement-and-outcomes

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/learning-and-training-for-transfer

https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/applied-learning-analytics-for-e-teachers


https://www.slideshare.net/dnrgohps/building-blocks-of-digital-scholarship-in-medical-education

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2017/09/sotl-in-meded.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2019/06/digital-scholar-participation-in-amee.html


Google search for 'professional and educational portfolios as assessment of learning'