Thursday 28 September 2023

Role of AI in Health Professions Education

Blogs and Websites

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/06/role-of-ai-in-health-professions.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/06/curating-literature-and-commentary-on.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/07/learning-and-training-in-age-of-ai.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/07/reflecting-on-current-learning-and-work.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/07/augmenting-human-intelligence-with-ai.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/08/adoption-of-ai-in-health-professions.html

https://aiinhpe.blogspot.com/2023/09/ai-as-intelligent-tutor.html

https://postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu/trends-medicine/5-ways-medical-educators-can-use-ai-other-technologies

https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/second-opinions/103212

Beyond Memorization: AI Can Revolutionize Medical Education — Tools like ChatGPT could catalyze the trend toward a "flipped classroom"

https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66940771



IAMSE





Ötleş, E., James, C. A., Lomis, K. D., & Woolliscroft, J. O. (2022). Teaching artificial intelligence as a fundamental toolset of medicine. Cell Reports Medicine, 3(12). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666379122003834

Goh, PS. (2020). Medical Educator Roles of the Future. Med.Sci.Educ. 30 (Suppl 1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01086-w




Background Reading



Varghese J, Chapiro J. ChatGPT: The transformative influence of generative AI on science and healthcare. J Hepatol. 2023 Aug 5:S0168-8278(23)05039-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.028. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37544516. https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(23)05039-0/fulltext

Jacob Krive, Miriam Isola, Linda Chang, Tushar Patel, Max Anderson, Radhika Sreedhar, Grounded in reality: artificial intelligence in medical education, JAMIA Open, Volume 6, Issue 2, July 2023, ooad037, https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad037

Celik, I., Dindar, M., Muukkonen, H. et al. The Promises and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Teachers: a Systematic Review of Research. TechTrends 66, 616–630 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00715-y




List of AI tools and Examples of AI











What is the "Job to be Done?"

What do you do when you don't know something?
and

Exploring Emerging Opportunities - Future Roles, Technology and Scholarship in Radiology Education

SingHealth Duke-NUS Radiological Sciences Academic Clinical Programme (RADSC ACP)

RADSC ACP Academic Day 2023 (18 Nov 2023)

Plenary Lecture (Education)

Future roles of Educators in Radiology Profession, Approaches to Scholarship in Radiology Education, Leveraging on Technology for Radiology Education

Exploring Emerging Opportunities - Future Roles, Technology and Scholarship in Radiology Education

By Goh Poh Sun

How can we do more? Expand activities? Have greater impact?

What are our current, and potential future roles? In Clinical Care, Education and Training, Research and Scholarship? How can we assist and add value to interactions with clinicians? Patients? How do we build on our integrated role in Clinical Care, Education and Training? Our interactions and trust with Clinicians? Our location within Medical Schools and Curriculums? Within Academic Medical Centres and Hospitals? Add value to the scans we produce? The opinions we give? (the Radiology Report), The procedures we perform?

How can we approach Scholarship? Engage in Scholarship? For all?

How can we take full advantage of Technology to do more? Expand our activities? Have greater impact? Scale? Deepen? Extend?

https://pohsungoh.blogspot.com/2023/09/5-powerful-ideas-applied-to-practice.html






































Posing question - title of presentation to ChatGPT - OpenAI - https://chat.openai.com/

Question posed to ChatGPT - Exploring Emerging Opportunities - Future Roles, Technology and Scholarship in Radiology Education

Answer (Saturday, 11 November 2023 @1640hrs)

Exploring emerging opportunities in radiology education involves understanding the evolving roles, advancements in technology, and the changing landscape of scholarship in this field. Here are some key aspects to consider:

1. Roles in Radiology Education:
Educators and Trainers: With the continuous evolution of medical imaging technologies, there's a growing demand for educators who can effectively teach the principles, techniques, and applications of radiology.
Curriculum Developers: Designing and updating curricula to integrate the latest developments in imaging technology and medical knowledge.
Simulation Specialists: Utilizing simulation technologies to provide hands-on training for radiology students.
Telemedicine and Remote Education Specialists: Given the rise of telehealth, there's a need for educators who can teach radiology remotely.

2. Technology in Radiology Education:
Virtual and Augmented Reality: Creating immersive learning experiences for students to practice interpreting images in a simulated environment.
AI and Machine Learning: Integrating AI tools for image analysis into the curriculum, and teaching students how to work with these technologies.
Online Learning Platforms: Developing and utilizing online platforms for distance learning, making education more accessible.
Interactive Apps: Building apps that allow students to interact with 3D images, enhancing their understanding of anatomy and pathology.

3. Scholarship in Radiology Education:
Research on Educational Methods: Investigating the effectiveness of different teaching methods and technologies in radiology education.
Curriculum Development Research: Studying the impact of updated curricula on student learning outcomes.
Assessment and Evaluation Studies: Developing and validating assessment tools to measure the competency of radiology students.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Engaging in collaborative research with professionals from fields such as computer science, psychology, and education to enhance the quality of radiology education.

4. Professional Development Opportunities:
Continuous Learning Programs: Given the rapid advancements in imaging technology, professionals in radiology education should have access to ongoing training and development.
Conferences and Workshops: Participating in and organizing events focused on radiology education to share insights and learn from peers.
Networking: Connecting with professionals in related fields to foster collaboration and stay abreast of industry trends.

5. Global Health Initiatives:
Access to Education: Developing strategies to make radiology education more accessible globally, especially in underserved regions.
Cultural Competence Training: Considering the cultural context in radiology education to ensure that practices are tailored to diverse populations.

6. Ethical Considerations:
Patient Privacy and Consent Education: Integrating discussions on ethical considerations related to patient data and privacy in the context of evolving technologies.
Bias and Fairness in AI: Addressing the ethical implications of bias in AI algorithms used in radiology, and educating students on responsible AI use.

Conclusion:
The future of radiology education lies in embracing technological advancements, adapting teaching methodologies, and contributing to scholarly research. Continuous learning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a focus on ethical considerations will be key in preparing the next generation of radiology professionals.

---

Posing question - title of presentation to Bard - https://bard.google.com/

"One of the key differences between Google Bard and ChatGPT is their access to the internet. Google Bard has real-time access to the internet, which means that it can access the latest information and keep its responses up-to-date. ChatGPT, on the other hand, does not have real-time access to the internet." - https://www.simform.com/blog/google-bard-vs-chatgpt/

Answer - Sunday, 12 November 2023 @ 0901am

Future Roles in Radiology Education

The future of radiology education is likely to see a shift towards more interprofessional and collaborative learning. Radiologists will increasingly need to work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as clinicians, data scientists, and engineers, to provide the best possible care to patients. This will require radiologists to have a broad range of skills and knowledge, including clinical expertise, data analysis skills, and communication skills.

In addition, radiologists will need to be able to adapt to new technologies and modalities as they emerge. This will require lifelong learning and a willingness to embrace change.

Technology in Radiology Education

Technology is already playing a major role in radiology education, and this trend is only going to continue in the future. Some of the emerging technologies that are likely to have a significant impact on radiology education include:

Artificial intelligence (AI): AI is already being used to develop educational tools and resources for radiology trainees. For example, AI-powered simulation programs can allow trainees to practice reading images in a safe and controlled environment. AI is also being used to develop new ways to assess radiology trainees' skills and knowledge.
Virtual reality (VR): VR is being used to create immersive learning experiences for radiology trainees. For example, VR can be used to simulate real-world clinical scenarios or to allow trainees to explore the anatomy of the human body in detail.
3D printing is being used to create physical models of anatomical structures that radiology trainees can use to study and practice image interpretation.
Scholarship in Radiology Education

Scholarship in radiology education is essential to ensuring that the next generation of radiologists is well-prepared for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Radiology educators need to be actively engaged in research to identify and develop new and innovative teaching methods and resources.

Some of the emerging areas of scholarship in radiology education include:

The use of technology to enhance learning: This includes research on the development and evaluation of new educational technologies, such as AI-powered simulation programs and VR experiences.
Interprofessional education: This includes research on how to best educate radiologists to work effectively with other healthcare professionals.
Assessment of radiology trainees' skills and knowledge: This includes research on the development of new and innovative assessment methods.

Conclusion

The future of radiology education is bright. Emerging technologies and new pedagogies are opening up new opportunities to educate and train radiologists in the most effective way possible. Radiologists who are willing to adapt to change and embrace new technologies will be well-positioned to succeed in the future.



Goh, PS. Medical Educator Roles of the Future. (2020). Med.Sci.Educ. 30 (Suppl 1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01086-w

Goh P.S, Sandars J. (2020) 'Rethinking scholarship in medical education during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic', MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 97, https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000097.1

Goh, PS. (2021). 'The vision of transformation in medical education after the COVID-19 pandemic'. Korean J Med Educ. 33 (3): 171-174. Publication Date (Web): 2021 August 27

Goh, P. S., Roberts-Lieb, S., & Sandars, J. (2023). Micro-Scholarship: An innovative approach for the first steps for Scholarship in Health Professions Education. Medical teacher, 45:3, 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2022.2133689

Goh, PS, Schlegel, E. (2023). Small, Sustainable, Steps to Success as a Scholar in Health Professions Education - Micro (Macro and Meta) Matters. TAPS, 8(2), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.29060/TAPS.2023-8-2/SC2861


Mohamed Shah, M. T. B., Yeong, L. C., Cheng, L. T., Ang, J., Lishan, Y., Tan, K., & Lim, C. C. T. (2023). Future Online Radiology Education: The Importance of Curriculum. Korean journal of radiology, 24(3), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2023.0029

Harden, S. P., Anstee, A., Craven, I., Davies, S., Dhillon, P., Johnston, M., Jones, J., Rajesh, A., Wardle, P., Young, J., Ramsden, W., & Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) short-life working party on the future of radiology training (2022). Radiology training. What good looks like, now and in the future. Clinical radiology, 77(12), 902–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2022.08.121



Becker, M. How to prepare for a bright future of radiology in Europe. Insights Imaging 14, 168 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-023-01525-3



Wang, Chao MDa,*; Xie, Huanhuan MDa; Wang, Shan MDa; Yang, Siyu MDa; Hu, Ling MDb. Radiological education in the era of artificial intelligence: A review. Medicine 102(1):p e32518, January 06, 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032518 


Monday 18 September 2023

#Micro-Assessment and #Micro-Learning

"Micro-Assessment as tangible, visible, accessible and assessable (micro-)outputs of Micro-Learning, as visible artefacts of Micro-Practice and Open Digital Practice, along a continuum of sustainable, accessible, step-wise, cumulative activity and systematic effort comprising Micro-Learning, Micro-Practice, Micro-Assessment and Micro-Scholarship. Taking note, making notes and sharing notes, within a Community of Practice." Poh-Sun Goh, 20 September 2023, 0830am, Singapore Time

"Making notes (to elaborate, expand upon, explain and give examples of the application of single, modular ideas and concepts), and demonstrating skills; both as open digital practice, micro-demonstrations and micro-assessments." Poh-Sun Goh, 24 September 2023, 1109am, Singapore Time

https://microscholarship.blogspot.com/2023/09/micro-assessment-and-micro-learning.html

https://microscholarship.blogspot.com/2022/01/micro-scholarship-toolkit.html


https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2022/12/micro-content-bite-size-modular-content.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2022/06/micro-learning-micro-practice-and-micro.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2023/07/technology-enhanced-learning-workshop.html


Norcini J. J. (2003). Work based assessment. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 326(7392), 753–755. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7392.753

https://www.stemlynsblog.org/better-learning/educational-theories-you-must-know-st-emlyns/educational-theories-you-must-know-millers-pyramid-st-emlyns/

https://medicaleducationflamingo.medium.com/what-is-millers-pyramid-of-competence-why-it-is-extended-in-2020-9035af1f62a


Goh, PS, Schlegel, E. (2023). Small, Sustainable, Steps to Success as a Scholar in Health Professions Education - Micro (Macro and Meta) Matters. TAPS, 8(2), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.29060/TAPS.2023-8-2/SC2861

Goh, P. S., Roberts-Lieb, S., & Sandars, J. (2023). Micro-Scholarship: An innovative approach for the first steps for Scholarship in Health Professions Education. Medical teacher, 45:3, 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2022.2133689


https://crowdmark.com/micro-assessments

https://guide.fariaedu.com/assessment-a-whole-school-approach/phase-two-implementation-design-and-implementation-integration/effective-classroom-assessment-practices/micro-assessments

Google search for 'Micro-assessment pedagogy and practice'


https://www.eklavvya.com/blog/benefits-of-micro-learning


Google search for 'micro-competency micro-skills micro-assessment'

What is 'micro-competencies'

https://digitalpromise.org/2023/07/06/how-can-we-use-micro-credentials-to-assess-competency-based-education/

https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/microcredentialtoolkit/chapter/assessments/

https://eddesignlab.org/microcredentialing/microcredentials/

https://knowledgeone.ca/micro-credentials-101/

https://knowledgeone.ca/the-micro-trend-in-learning-test-your-knowledge/

Saturday 16 September 2023

Radiology Resident Tutorial - Tuesday, 26 September 2023

Some tips to increase your learning and training effectiveness and efficiency:
Poh-Sun Goh

6. Use textbooks and a wide variety of online resources to improve your diagnostic and interpretative skills. Practice, practice, practice with reflection and feedback, using a range of resources, to increase your exposure to the variety and spectrum of clinical and imaging findings, both normal and abnormal, from typical, to less common and atypical (as you progress to increase your experience and mastery of clinical practice, and improve your knowledge and skills from undergraduate, through postgraduate to continuing professional development and lifelong learning settings).
7. Compare and contrast is one of the simplest and most effective methods to learn to recognise and differentiate between normal and abnormal XRs and scans. Review a series of normal XRs and scans, and then do side by side comparison between examples of normal, normal and abnormal, and examples of abnormal XRs and scans. 

https://effectiviology.com/interleaving/ (mixed practice or interleaving superior to blocked practice)

and






Reflect on the well know aphorism "You see what you look foryou look for what you know"

Also reflect on - 1) What your personal and professional goals are?; 2) How good do you want to be, and become?; 3) What benchmarks, and exemplars of performance do you use, or have access to?; 4) How much time and effort do you allocate to this effort, and goal?; 5) Do you (ever) have enough time and energy?


How radiology experts think - and value of online case repositories
by Poh-Sun Goh

1. expertise in radiology is directly correlated with experience
2. case experience should be cumulative
3. case experience should include full spectrum of the presentation of any given diagnosis
4. case experience should include material of increasing complexity
5. increasing complexity involves cases showing typical, then less typical, less easily detectable features, with less associated features, or more confounding associated features, or more than one pathology, and progressively less or contradictory additional information
6. radiology task is simple three step process - see, recognise, diagnose
7. this requires perceptual learning or pattern recognition, categorical learning or the ability to list key features, and diagnostic reasoning or the ability to correlate with the clinical setting
8. experts use rapid wholistic perception linked to experience, which are mental schemas or representations of the key features of a wide range of pathology
9. experts use rapid 200 msec big picture perception to generate the most likely hypothesis, which then drives deliberate search for key features
10. experts rapidly decide on whether radiograph or scan is normal, or has a likely abnormality, and then use visual search and reasoning to confirm diagnosis
11. online case repositories can accelerate the development of expertise, by widening the case experience of radiologists, beyond that of individual day to day direct experience
12. the key is to use case material in a deliberate way


Cognitive apprenticeship
by Poh-Sun Goh

1. Developing into an expert radiologist involves mastering a set of complex task skills.
2. This includes "running the service" - prescribing the optimal imaging technique to address the clinical problem, protocolling the study, modifying the study "in real time" to take into account (unexpected) findings during the radiological examination, and interacting with technical and clinical staff to both optimize the examination, and convey the relevant radiological information that will facilitate clinical management of the patient.
3. The cognitive aspects of making a radiological diagnosis involve the "see, recognize, and diagnose" three step process described above.
4. The role of the trainee resident or fellow in radiology requires a combination of focus, application, sustained effort, and dedication to learn; coupled with a high level of professional responsibility and commitment to learning and practicing the craft of radiology.
5. Ultimately, learning requires active application of effort - learning by doing, with feedback on performance. Passive observation does not lead to true learning or the functional ability to perform in better ways. A combination of reflection, and repeated attempts to apply knowledge and skills is required to "learn" anything. This is an active process. Increasing expertise is acquired by "deliberate practice" http://www.missiontolearn.com/2010/04/deliberate-practice/
6. The role of the instructor in radiology is to "coach", guide and facilitate this learning process in a positive way.
7. An example of a systematic positive coaching paradigm comes from coaching in sports, where the players or learners are reminded that they have total control over three aspects of performance - effort, learning from experience, and response to mistakes - ELM framework http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/20/the-power-of-positive-coaching/?src=me&ref=general
8. A useful way of thinking about the trainee - instructor interaction is to reflect on the idea of "cognitive apprenticeship"


"Understanding basic theory using a few illustrative examples. Mastering a topic by exposure to and experience with many examples

Typical examples or real-life scenarios can be used to illustrate theory, and help students understand fundamental principles. Mastering a topic usually requires exposure to and experience with many examples, both typical and atypical, common to uncommon including subtle manifestations of a phenomenon. The traditional method of doing this is via a long apprenticeship, or many years of practice with feedback and experience. A digital collection of educational scenarios and cases can support and potentially shorten this educational and training process. Particularly if a systematic attempt is made to collect and curate a comprehensive collection of all possible educational scenarios and case-based examples, across the whole spectrum of professional practice. Online access to key elements, parts of and whole sections of these learning cases; used by students with guidance by instructors under a deliberate practice and mastery training framework, can potentially accelerate the educational process, and deepen learning."

above from

Goh, P.S. A series of reflections on eLearning, traditional and blended learning. MedEdPublish. 2016 Oct; 5(3), Paper No:19. Epub 2016 Oct 14.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016.000105


"By reviewing research on medical performance and education, the author describes evidence for these representations and their development within the expert- performance framework. He uses the research to generate suggestions for improved training of medical students and professionals. Two strategies— designing learning environments with libraries of cases and creating opportunities for individualized teacher-guided training—should enable motivated individuals to acquire a full set of refined mental representations. Providing the right resources to support the expert- performance approach will allow such individuals to become self-regulated learners—that is, members of the medical community who have the tools to improve their own and their team members’ performances throughout their entire professional careers.'
from abstract of
Ericsson KA. Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Acad Med. 2015 Nov;90(11):1471-86. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000939. PubMed PMID: 26375267.



What is the message from the "yellow curve" below?



"How could one use this material to dramatically reduce case review time? 
Reduce study time?

Reduce residency duration?
Use training time in other ways?"

"How would you use this material to develop confidence and familiarity with less common conditions? 
Given that time is limited."

"How do you stay sharp, not rusty, get better (sharper)."

[Practice. With feedback. With reflection. With increasing difficulty. Systematically. Regularly. With material that is at hand. At your finger tips.]
        -Poh Sun (posted on 7 February 2018 @ 0358am)


This article investigates the relation between mind wandering and the spacing effect in inductive learning. Participants studied works of art by different artists grouped in blocks, where works by a particular artist were either presented all together successively (the massed condition), or interleaved with the works of other artists (the spaced condition). The works of 24 artists were shown, with 12, 15, or 18 works by each artist being provided as exemplars. Later, different works by the same artists were presented for a test of the artists' identity. During the course of studying these works, participants were probed for mind wandering. It was found that people mind wandered more when the exemplars were presented in a massed rather than in a spaced manner, especially as the task progressed. There was little mind wandering and little difference between massed and spaced conditions toward the beginning of study. People were better able to correctly attribute the new works to the appropriate artist (inductive learning) when (a) they were in the spaced condition and (b) they had not been mind wandering. This research suggests that inductive learning may be influenced by mind wandering and that the impairment in learning with massed practice (compared to spaced practice) may be attributable, at least in part, to attentional factors-people are "on task" less fully when the stimuli are massed rather than spaced.
above abstract from


Inductive learning -- that is, learning a new concept or category by observing exemplars -- happens constantly, for example, when a baby learns a new word or a doctor classifies x-rays. What influence does the spacing of exemplars have on induction? Compared with massing, spacing enhances long-term recall, but we expected spacing to hamper induction by making the commonalities that define a concept or category less apparent. We asked participants to study multiple paintings by different artists, with a given artist's paintings presented consecutively (massed) or interleaved with other artists' paintings (spaced). We then tested induction by asking participants to indicate which studied artist (Experiments 1a and 1b) or whether any studied artist (Experiment 2) painted each of a series of new paintings. Surprisingly, induction profited from spacing, even though massing apparently created a sense of fluent learning: Participants rated massing as more effective than spacing, even after their own test performance had demonstrated the opposite.
above abstract from


When students encounter a set of concepts (or terms or principles) that are similar in some way, they often confuse one with another. For instance, they might mistake one word for another word with a similar spelling (e.g., allusion instead of illusion) or choose the wrong strategy for a mathematics problem because it resembles a different kind of problem. By one proposition explored in this review, these kinds of errors occur more frequently when all exposures to one of the concepts are grouped together. For instance, in most middle school science texts, the questions in each assignment are devoted to the same concept, and this blocking of exposures ensures that students need not learn to distinguish between two similar concepts. In an alternative approach described in this review, exposures to each concept are interleaved with exposures to other concepts, so that a question on one concept is followed by a question on a different concept. In a number of experiments that have compared interleaving and blocking, interleaving produced better scores on final tests of learning. The evidence is limited, though, and ecologically valid studies are needed. Still, a prudent reading of the data suggests that at least a portion of the exposures should be interleaved.
above quote from
Rohrer, D. (2012). Interleaving helps students distinguish among similar concepts. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 355-367


Learn To Study Using…Interleaving (The Learning Scientists)

Open Access Radiology Training Resources

https://radiogyan.com/foamrad-resources/

https://radiologyresidentcorelectures.com/


https://www.asnr.org/neurocurriculum-live/

https://www.asnr.org/case-of-the-week/


https://twitter.com/PhilipRChapman1

https://www.neuroradiologyu.com/


Previous Resident Tutorials

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2023/03/radiology-resident-tutorial-monday-13.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2022/10/radiology-resident-tutorial-applied.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2022/07/radiology-resident-tutorial-your-past.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2021/11/pre-2b-frcr-tutorial-radiology-of-skull.html


Some Recent Literature on Residency Training and Education

Derakhshani A, Ding J, Vijayasarathi A. On-call radiology 2020: Where trainees look for help in a high stakes and time sensitive environment. Clin Imaging. 2021 Sep;77:219-223. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.003. Epub 2021 May 6. PMID: 33992883. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33992883/

Larocque, N., Shenoy-Bhangle, A., Brook, A., Eisenberg, R., Chang, Y. M., & Mehta, P. (2021). Resident Experiences With Virtual Radiology Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic radiology, 28(5), 704–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2021.02.006

Shu, L., Bahri, F., Mostaghni, N., Yu, G., & Javan, R. (2021). The Time Has Come: a Paradigm Shift in Diagnostic Radiology Education via Simulation Training. Journal of digital imaging, 34(1), 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00405-2

Sunday 10 September 2023

Phase V YLLSOM (Year 5) - Internal Medicine - Medicine Prac & SIP: Radiology - Neuroradiology Tutorial


Dear Students,

I will be presenting material from curated open access neuroradiology resources (available for preview and review below section) tomorrow during our scheduled 12 noon session  (Wednesday, 13 September 2023).

I will be presenting for approximately 30 minutes, highlighting key ideas, as well as introducing complimentary material for self-study, on specially curated for you (medical student) interactive high quality, practical, usable and user friendly, short and to the point, open-access online websites, for modular, bite-size, on demand and just-in-time learning and specific topic review, accessible on my session blog - https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2023/09/phase-v-yllsom-year-5-internal-medicine.html. The remaining 60 minutes tutorial time can be used for independent self-study (I strongly recommend you use allocated curricular time to do this), as well as for those of you who have done preliminary review of this material, or who have questions from clinical practice related to neuroimaging or neuroradiology to engage in a live interactive Q and A discussion with me. For those students who after the initial 30 minute 'presentation' would like to engage in independent self-study, or in small groups, please feel free to email me directly or post questions on Entrada at any time next 24 hours after this session. I will aim to respond to these within 24 to 48 hours.

--


Including link to join live Zoom session

---

best regards

Poh Sun



Curated Open Access Online Material for preview, during and post session review below:










Broadening your experience of typical examples + Compare and Contrast Practice using Google Image Search (examples below) for









Some tips to increase your learning and training effectiveness and efficiency:
Poh-Sun Goh


6. Use textbooks and a wide variety of online resources to improve your diagnostic and interpretative skills. Practice, practice, practice with reflection and feedback, using a range of resources, to increase your exposure to the variety and spectrum of clinical and imaging findings, both normal and abnormal, from typical, to less common and atypical (as you progress to increase your experience and mastery of clinical practice, and improve your knowledge and skills from undergraduate, through postgraduate to continuing professional development and lifelong learning settings).
7. Compare and contrast is one of the simplest and most effective methods to learn to recognise and differentiate between normal and abnormal XRs and scans. Review a series of normal XRs and scans, and then do side by side comparison between examples of normal, normal and abnormal, and examples of abnormal XRs and scans. 

https://effectiviology.com/interleaving/ (mixed practice or interleaving superior to blocked practice)

and




Undergraduate Educational and Training Activities - examples from Phase 1, 2, 3 and 5 (YLLSOM, NUS); Examples from postgraduate residency tutorials and training; instructional design, use of technology (to support learning and training),and underlying learning science -