AI powered personalised learning in Health Professions Education

AMEE 2024 - Basel, Switzerland, 24 - 28 August 2024

https://amee.org/

The theme of AMEE 2024 is ‘Develop your educational career: connect, grow and inspire with AMEE 2024’.

(see Tracks and Themes)

https://amee.org/amee-2024/amee-2024-programme/

https://amee.org/amee-2024/amee-2024-programme/

Session 1: The Fundamentals of AI in HPE

Poh-Sun

Role of AI in HPE

Working with AI as partner

What AI is, What AI can do, What is available

Can generative AI e.g. Chat GPT and Bard provide references/justification/support for its answers?

What is available? How to Use AI? Some examples.

What is learning? How can we promote, support and encourage learning? - as educators, working with AI

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2023/11/basics-of-ai-in-health-professions.html

Session 2: AI Powered Personalised Learning

Overview: What is Personalised Learning, Adaptive Learning and role of AI in Personalising Learning

Poh-Sun

Characteristics of Personalised Learning

What is Adaptive Learning

Ways AI can Personalise Learning

https://elearningindustry.com/how-ai-is-personalizing-education-for-every-student

https://elearningindustry.com/how-to-personalize-learning-using-ai

https://hbr.org/2019/10/how-ai-and-data-could-personalize-higher-education

World Cafe Method

Drawing on seven integrated design principles, the World Café methodology is a simple, effective, and flexible format for hosting large group dialogue. Each element of the method has a specific purpose and corresponds to one or more of the design principles.

World Café can be modified to meet a wide variety of needs. Specifics of context, numbers, purpose, location, and other circumstances are factored into each event’s unique invitation, design, and question choice, but the following five components comprise the basic model:

1) Setting: Create a “special” environment, most often modeled after a café, i.e. small round tables covered with a checkered or white linen tablecloth, butcher block paper, colored pens, a vase of flowers, and optional “talking stick” item. There should be four chairs at each table (optimally) – and no more than five.

2) Welcome and Introduction: The host begins with a warm welcome and an introduction to the World Café process, setting the context, sharing the Cafe Etiquette, and putting participants at ease.

3) Small-Group Rounds: The process begins with the first of three or more twenty-minute rounds of conversation for small groups of four (five maximum) people seated around a table. At the end of the twenty minutes, each member of the group moves to a different new table. They may or may not choose to leave one person as the “table host” for the next round, who welcomes the next group and briefly fills them in on what happened in the previous round.

4) Questions: each round is prefaced with a question specially crafted for the specific context and desired purpose of the World Café. The same questions can be used for more than one round, or they may build upon each other to focus the conversation or guide its direction.

5) Harvest: After the small groups (and/or in between rounds, as needed), individuals are invited to share insights or other results from their conversations with the rest of the large group. These results are reflected visually in a variety of ways, most often using graphic recording in the front of the room.

The basic process is simple and simple to learn, but complexities and nuances of context, numbers, question crafting and purpose can make it optimal to bring in an experienced host to help. Should that be the case, professional consulting services and senior hosts are available through World Cafe Services and we would be happy to talk with you about your needs.

In addition, there are many resources available for new World Cafe hosts, including a free hosting tool kit, World Cafe Signature Learning Programs, and subscription to the online Community Table, where the larger community of practice gathers to learn together.

https://theworldcafe.com/key-concepts-resources/world-cafe-method/

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https://app.screencastify.com/v3/watch/avWCMUKTzSPhh3sE9ZNJ (Screencastify Video)

Session 2 Preview:

In the "AI-powered Personalized Learning" session, we'll explore fascinating questions like: What's the link between personalized and adaptive learning? What are the inner workings of non-AI-based personalized learning? And how does AI fit into the picture? Finally, we'll explore the exciting foundation of precision education and personalized learning: data!

Questions for group discussion:

"With AI-driven personalized learning becoming increasingly tailored to individual strengths and weaknesses, how do we ensure that all medical students, regardless of their personalized paths, are equally prepared to handle real-world, unpredictable scenarios? Could over-reliance on AI personalisation lead to gaps in essential knowledge or skills, potentially compromising patient safety?"

As AI systems gather and analyse vast amounts of data to tailor medical education, what ethical safeguards should be in place to protect students' privacy and prevent bias? Should there be limits on how much AI influences the curriculum or assessments, and how do we balance the benefits of personalisation with the need for a standardised baseline of competency across all future medical professionals?

"Whether analogue or tech supported

The key is self knowledge and insight 

Into what needs to be learned and what can be improved 

Personal strengths and weaknesses 

Performance goals and standards and how one matches these

Then adapting and personalising next steps

Either self-directed, instructor guided, or AI supported

Performance Data helps

Human guides help

Self reflection and insight into performance helps

E.g in physical performance one can use or look into a mirror 

Get coaching and instruction feedback

Or use AI guidance

One can look at this as the difference between self-directed learning and training 

Personal or personalised learning or training 

and

AI supported learning and training"

-Poh-Sun Goh, 16 August 2024

Goh, P.S. Learning Analytics in Medical Education. MedEdPublish. 2017 Apr; 6(2), Paper No:5. Epub 2017 Apr 4. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2017.000067 Role of big data, and small data. Quantitative and Qualitative Insights.

Our digital platforms increasingly have the capacity to give both teachers and students visibility into what, and how they perform, in a dynamic, real-time way, both to formal standards, and in relation to peers. Both digital data and dashboards, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have the capacity to precisely personalise individual learning and training activities and programs. We will have the opportunity increasingly to do this, through accessible technology and AI. What is needed is professional capacity building and training of both our teachers, and students to best use technology and AI, informed by sound pedagogy and learning science (Goh, 2020; Goh, 2021).

Goh, PS. (2021). 'The vision of transformation in medical education after the COVID-19 pandemic'. Korean J Med Educ. 33 (3): 171-174. Publication Date (Web): 2021 August 27. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2021.197

Goh, PS. (2020). Medical Educator Roles of the Future. Med.Sci.Educ. 30 (Suppl 1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01086-w 

For participants in the AMEE 2024 AI Symposium:

Welcome to Session 2, of the AMEE 2024 AI Symposium, on AI Powered Personalised Learning

My name is Poh-Sun Goh

We are going to use a modified "World Cafe Process"

Please consider in sequence these three questions in groups - 

1) What are the characteristics of Personalised Learning? 

2) What is Adaptive Learning? 

3) Ways AI can Personalise Learning. 

Discuss amongst yourself in groups, then report back

The facilitators will add to the discussion with a few key points if necessary. 

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So far, you have considered these three questions in groups - 1) What are the characteristics of Personalised Learning? 2) What is Adaptive Learning? and 3) Ways AI can Personalise Learning. 

and reported back key ideas shared in your discussions. Let's now consider what a Google topic search comes up with (below):

Google search:

Google search - "What is personalised learning in medical education"

"Personalised learning, an educational approach that tailors teaching and learning to individual needs and preferences, has gained attention in recent years, particularly in higher education. Advances in educational technology have facilitated the implementation of personalised learning in various contexts."

Ali, M., Wahab, I.B.A., Huri, H.Z. et al. Personalised learning in higher education for health sciences: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 13, 99 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-024-02478-4

Google search - "What is adaptive learning in medical education"

"At the most basic level, adaptive learning is a process that provides an individualised learning experience with technologies designed to determine a learner’s strengths and weaknesses."

Sharma N, Doherty I, Dong C. Adaptive Learning in Medical Education: The Final Piece of Technology Enhanced Learning? Ulster Med J. 2017 Sep;86(3):198-200. Epub 2017 Sep 12. PMID: 29581634; PMCID: PMC5849979. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29581634/

Google search - "How can AI provided personalised and adaptive learning in medical education"

"The power of AI to analyze individual learning patterns and outcomes can lead to more personalized medical education. AI algorithms can identify areas where students are struggling and adapt the curriculum to meet their specific needs. This personalized approach helps to ensure that all students achieve competency at their own pace, ultimately leading to better-trained healthcare providers."

and

"AI can create highly adaptive learning environments that adjust content complexity and teaching style based on individual learner performance and preferences. This approach ensures that medical students and professionals can progress at their optimal pace and depth. You can find today on line, adaptive learning platforms that uses AI to tailor medical courses based on how students interact with the material, adjusting the learning pathway in real time to address individual strengths and weaknesses."

Babin, N (2024)

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/revolutionizing-medical-education-impact-ai-training-healthcare-ttulf

https://copilot.microsoft.com/ 

Prompt - 

AI powered personalised learning in health professions education

Copilot Response - (31 March 2024, Sunday, 1645hrs)

AI-powered personalized learning is revolutionizing health professions education. Let’s delve into how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way students learn in the medical field:

Personalized Learning Experience:

One of the key benefits of AI in medical courses is its ability to provide a tailored learning experience for individual students.

AI-powered platforms analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each student, allowing educators to modify teaching methods to meet specific needs1.

Imagine a system that adapts to your learning pace, identifies areas where you need improvement, and customizes content accordingly.

Enhanced Diagnosis and Training:

AI can simulate real-world scenarios, enabling students to practice diagnosing medical conditions.

Virtual patients can exhibit symptoms, respond to treatments, and evolve over time, providing a dynamic learning environment.

Students can refine their diagnostic skills, learn from mistakes, and gain confidence through AI-driven simulations.

Embracing Uncertainty and Variability:

AI tools should embrace and convey the natural uncertainty and diversity present in human populations.

By recognizing that patients vary in their responses, AI can prepare students for the complexities of real-world practice2.

Educators play a crucial role in ensuring that AI tools align with clinical relevance and challenge recommendations when necessary.

Professional Development for Educators:

Healthcare educators need to be aware of AI’s capabilities and limitations.

Professional development programs can equip educators with the knowledge to effectively integrate AI into their teaching methods.

Educators should know when to trust AI recommendations and when to critically evaluate them2.

In summary, AI-powered personalized learning holds immense promise for the future of healthcare education. It empowers students, enhances diagnostic skills, and prepares the next generation of healthcare professionals for the dynamic challenges they’ll face in their careers.

https://www.educationtimes.com/article/campus-beat-college-life/99734979/ai-transforms-medical-education-with-personalised-learning-and-enhanced-diagnosis

https://lens.monash.edu/@medicine-health/2022/09/01/1384792/ai-in-healthcare-education-is-it-ready-to-teach-the-future

https://elearningindustry.com/how-to-personalize-learning-using-ai

https://elearningindustry.com/how-ai-is-personalizing-education-for-every-student

https://copilot.microsoft.com/

Prompt:

Practical tips on how to personalise learning using AI in Health Professions Education

Copilot Response: (16 July 2024)

Certainly! Personalizing learning using AI in health professions education is an exciting area with significant potential. Here are some practical steps and strategies:

Define Clear Learning Objectives and Goals:

Begin by identifying specific learning outcomes (SLOs) for your educational program. These objectives should be well-defined and aligned with the curriculum.

Consider Bloom’s taxonomy to ensure appropriate action verbs and cognitive levels in your SLOs1.

Identify Individual Learning Needs:

Use AI-powered tools to analyze learners’ profiles, preferences, and knowledge gaps.

Understand their learning styles and adapt content accordingly.

Select AI-Powered Tools or Platforms:

Explore AI-driven platforms that can personalize content delivery based on individual needs.

Look for tools that offer adaptive learning pathways and personalized recommendations2.

Develop or Curate Adjustable Content:

Create or curate educational content that can be dynamically adjusted based on learners’ abilities and progress.

AI can help tailor content delivery, quizzes, and assessments to meet individual needs1.

Invest in Educator Training:

Train educators on how to effectively use AI tools in teaching.

Encourage them to incorporate AI into lesson planning and instructional design3.

Facilitate Interactive Learning Experiences:

Use AI to create interactive simulations, virtual patient scenarios, and case studies.

Engage learners in problem-solving and decision-making exercises.

Streamline Assessment and Feedback:

AI can automate assessment processes, including grading and feedback.

Provide timely feedback to learners, highlighting areas for improvement.

Leverage Data Analytics for Continuous Improvement:

Collect data on learner performance, engagement, and preferences.

Use insights to refine personalized learning experiences and optimize educational content4.

Remember that while AI can enhance personalization, experts should review the content validity of AI-generated output. As AI literacy becomes essential for health professionals, integrating AI into education can empower learners and align competencies with curriculum implementation1. 🌟

Learn more

1 bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com

2 elearningindustry.com

3 spectrum.ieee.org

4 stepofweb.com

https://copilot.microsoft.com/

Prompt - 

basic ideas, principles and practices of AI in Health Professions

Education (HPE)

Copilot Response - (31 March 2024, Sunday, 1705hrs)

Certainly! Let’s explore the fundamentals of AI in health professions education (HPE). Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, and understanding its principles and applications is crucial for educators and learners in the field. Here are some essential concepts:

Overview of AI in Healthcare:

AI encompasses various methods and capabilities, including machine learning, algorithms, and neural networks.

While science fiction often portrays AI as human-like, the reality in 2021 is narrow AI, which focuses on specific tasks rather than general human-like abilities.

AI tools can enhance healthcare workflows, improve patient care, and optimize population health.

Educational Implications:

Incorporating AI Training: Educators must act promptly to integrate AI training across health professions. Failing to do so risks creating a workforce unprepared to leverage AI’s promise or navigate its challenges.

Understanding AI: Leaders in HPE should enhance their understanding of AI to guide current and future learners effectively.

Ethical Considerations: Learners need to grasp basic concepts of computer systems, programming, machine learning, and data science. AI tools should enhance teaching and learning while promoting equity and access1.

Courses and Programs:

AI for Health Care: Concepts and Applications: This course delves into core AI principles, Large Language Models, Generative AI, and their impact on healthcare2.

The Ethics of Big Data and AI: This program explores ethical considerations related to using Big Data and developing AI in healthcare3.

AI in Medical Education: A systematic review analyzing AI’s effects and challenges at different stages of medical education4.

In summary, educators play a pivotal role in preparing healthcare professionals to harness AI’s potential while upholding ethical standards. By embracing AI education, we empower the health workforce to thrive in an AI-driven landscape. 🌟

For more detailed information, you can refer to the full discussion paper1.

Lomis K, Jeffries P, Palatta A, Sage M, Sheikh J, Sheperis C, Whelan A. Artificial Intelligence for Health Professions Educators. NAM Perspect. 2021 Sep 8;2021:10.31478/202109a. doi: 10.31478/202109a. PMID: 34901780; PMCID: PMC8654471. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654471/

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ecpe/programs/ai-for-health-care-concepts-and-applications/

Zhang, W., Cai, M., Lee, H.J. et al. AI in Medical Education: Global situation, effects and challenges. Educ Inf Technol 29, 4611–4633 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12009-8

https://www.elon.edu/u/news/2023/12/01/in-my-words-six-principles-to-shape-ai-policies-and-practices-in-higher-education/

Applying principles of multimedia design to a teaching presentation - to promote engagement and learning

Applying principles of multimedia design to a teaching presentation - to promote engagement and learning

NUHS Emergency Medicine Grand Round, Thursday 24 October 2024, 1.20-2pm

https://copilot.microsoft.com/

Prompt:

how to apply meyer's multimedia theory to presentations

Copilot:

Applying Mayer’s multimedia theory to presentations involves integrating the 12 principles he established to enhance learning and comprehension. Here’s a brief overview of how you can use some of these principles:

Coherence Principle: Keep your slides free from extraneous content. Only include information that supports your main message1.

Signaling Principle: Use cues to highlight important points. This could be through bold text, arrows, or spotlight effects.

Redundancy Principle: Avoid using narration and on-screen text simultaneously. Choose one method to deliver your message at a time2.

Spatial Contiguity Principle: Place related text and images close together to help learners make connections more easily.

Temporal Contiguity Principle: Present corresponding words and pictures simultaneously rather than successively.

Segmenting Principle: Break your content into manageable chunks to prevent cognitive overload.

Pre-training Principle: Provide learners with the names and characteristics of main concepts before diving into complex material.

Modality Principle: Use narration instead of on-screen text when presenting graphics or animations.

Multimedia Principle: Combine words and pictures rather than words alone to improve learning outcomes3.

Personalization Principle: Use a conversational style and first or second person language to make the content more relatable.

Voice Principle: Use a friendly and conversational tone in your narrations.

Image Principle: Use graphics that support the instructional message rather than decorative images.

Remember, these principles are guidelines to help you design effective multimedia presentations. They are grounded in cognitive research on how people learn from words and pictures. For a more detailed application, consider checking out resources that delve into each principle with examples.

⬇

Copilot

Sent by Copilot:

Sure! Here are illustrations of Richard Mayer’s multimedia principles:

Multimedia Principle:

Example: In a biology lesson, instead of just describing the parts of a cell, include a labeled diagram of the cell. This helps students visualize and understand the structure better.

!Cell Diagram

Coherence Principle:

Example: In a math tutorial, focus on the essential steps to solve a problem without adding background music or unrelated animations that could distract learners.

!Math Tutorial

Contiguity Principle:

Example: In a history lesson, place a map of ancient civilizations next to the text describing their locations and movements. This spatial proximity helps learners connect the information.

!History Map

Modality Principle:

Example: In an eLearning course on software use, include a video demonstration with voiceover instructions rather than just text instructions. This uses both visual and auditory channels for better learning.

!Software Tutorial

Redundancy Principle:

Example: In a science video explaining photosynthesis, use visuals and narration without adding redundant on-screen text. This avoids overloading the learner with unnecessary information.

!Photosynthesis Video

Segmenting Principle:

Example: In an online course, break down complex topics into shorter, manageable modules. For instance, a lesson on algebra can be divided into segments on equations, inequalities, and functions.

!Segmented Course

Pre-training Principle:

Example: In a physics lesson, start with an introduction to key terms like “velocity” and “acceleration” before diving into more complex theories. This prepares learners for the new information.

!Physics Terms

Signaling Principle:

Example: In a presentation, use arrows or highlights to draw attention to key points. For example, highlighting the main steps in a process diagram helps learners focus on the essential information.

!Highlighted Presentation

These illustrations should give you a clearer idea of how Mayer’s principles can be applied to create more effective learning materials. If you have a specific topic or need more detailed examples, let me know!

⬇

Open access online resources for further reading, illustration on ideas below:

https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/mavlearn/chapter/multimedia-learning-theory/ (see diagram on website above)

https://waterbearlearning.com/mayers-principles-multimedia-learning/ (see diagrams illustrating principles)

https://quizlet.com/au/789354439/multimedia-theory-flash-cards/ (see flashcards illustrating principles)

https://www.digitallearninginstitute.com/blog/mayers-principles-multimedia-learning

https://www.nu.edu/blog/multimedia-design-principles/

https://www.edume.com/blog/elearning-multimedia

https://designingeffectivelearning.blogspot.com/ (see illustrations)

https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/educators-most-effective-attention-grabbing-technique

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2017/09/meded-peer-reviewed-publications.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2019/06/digital-scholar-participation-in-amee.html