Thursday, 20 November 2025

Strategies For Developing Open Education Resources (OER) with AI in Health Professions Education - APMEC 2026 pre-conference workshop

https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/cenmed/sites/apmec2026/program_details.html#W2P5 

W2P5

Thursday 22nd January 2026, 1.30pm – 5.00pm

STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING OPEN EDUCATION RESOURCES (OER) WITH AI IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION

1Tao Le and 2Goh Poh-Sun

1United States of America and 2Singapore

Workshop Description

Historically, high-quality health professions education has been expensive to develop and limited to major commercial or academic publishers. New digital platforms have accelerated the development of open education resources (OER), which have evolved to address critical cost and accessibility issues in education globally. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) tools, in particular, offer unprecedented opportunities to streamline content creation, personalised learning, and automate resource curation, further expanding equitable access to quality educational materials. Finally, novel shared curricular ecosystem platforms can standardise and facilitate the management of OER, empowering a global community of medical educators to share, collaborate and go further together. This hands-on, interactive workshop builds on last year's successful session at APMEC 2025 and will provide participants with an introductory overview to OER with AI. Participants will be able to explore best practices for leveraging OER in existing curricular development processes. The facilitators will then discuss and demonstrate a variety of free, low-cost and AI-enabled tools for the development, management and sharing of OER. In small-group breakouts, participants will have an opportunity to experiment with selected tools to develop OER, exploring how AI can be used for content generation, translation or personalised learning pathways. Finally, potential pitfalls such as quality, critical appraisal, and copyright issues will be addressed, with a focus on responsible use of AI tools in the creation and dissemination of educational resources.

Workshop Objective

Upon completing this workshop, participants will be able to:

Explain the history, goals, and impacts of OER

Describe best practices for the development and implementation of OER

Identify and use free or low-cost tools, including AI-based solutions, to develop, manage and share OER

Explore AI's potential in accelerating content creation, improving translation and customising learner experiences

Discuss considerations for quality assurance, critical appraisal and copyright compliance, particularly in the context of responsible AI

Who Should Attend

Health professional education leaders, educators, learning designers in medical, nursing and allied health fields who are interested in sharing and collaborating with others, especially in low resource settings.


https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2025/01/strategies-for-developing-open.html

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2025/11/dynamic-duo-how-open-education-and.html


CopilotHere’s a structured plan for your pre-conference workshop on

“Strategies for Developing Open Education Resources (OER) with AI in Health Professions Education”, including references:


✅ Workshop Title

Strategies for Developing OER with AI in Health Professions Education

1. Workshop Objectives

Understand the role of AI in OER development for health professions education.

Explore practical strategies for creating high-quality, accessible, and ethical OER using AI.

Identify best practices and ethical considerations in AI-enabled OER.

Develop an action plan for integrating AI tools into OER workflows.


2. Target Audience

Health professions educators

Instructional designers

Curriculum developers

Academic leaders


3. Workshop Structure (3–4 hours)

Part 1: Introduction (30 min)

What is OER? Principles and benefits in health education.

Why AI? Opportunities for scalability, personalization, and efficiency.


Reference:

Hersh, W. (2025). Generative AI: Implications for Biomedical and Health Professions Education. Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science. [arxiv.org]

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.10186

Ahsan, Z. (2025). Integrating AI into Medical Education: Current Applications and Challenges. BMC Medical Education. [bmcmededuc...entral.com]

https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-025-07744-0



Part 2: AI Applications in OER Development (60 min)

Content Generation: Using LLMs for creating modular learning units.

Personalization: Adaptive learning paths for diverse learners.

Translation & Accessibility: AI for multilingual and inclusive OER.

Quality Assurance: AI-assisted peer review and plagiarism checks.


Reference:

Thompson, R. A. M. et al. (2025). AI Use in Medical Education: Best Practices and Future Directions. Current Urology Reports. [link.springer.com]

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11934-025-01277-1

Pham, T. D. et al. (2025). Impact of Generative AI on Health Professional Education. Medical Education. [asmepublic....wiley.com]

https://asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/medu.15746



Part 3: Ethical and Practical Considerations (45 min)

Bias and Accuracy: Ensuring reliability of AI-generated content.

Copyright & Licensing: Aligning AI outputs with Creative Commons.

Data Privacy: Protecting learner and patient information.

AI Literacy for Educators: Training faculty for responsible use.


Reference:

AMA (2025). Advancing AI in Medical Education through Ethics, Evidence and Equity. [ama-assn.org]

https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/digital-health/advancing-ai-medical-education-through-ethics-evidence-and

AAMC (2025). Principles for Responsible AI Use in Medical Education. [aamc.org]

https://www.aamc.org/about-us/mission-areas/medical-education/principles-ai-use



Part 4: Hands-On Activity (60 min)

Demo: Using AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, or domain-specific AI) to create an OER module.

Group Work: Participants design a short OER resource using AI.

Peer Review: Evaluate outputs for quality and ethics.



Part 5: Action Planning & Discussion (30 min)

Develop institutional strategies for AI-enabled OER.

Share resources and repositories for collaboration.



4. Key Strategies

Start Small: Pilot AI for micro-content before scaling.

Collaborate: Share AI-generated OER in open repositories.

Validate Outputs: Combine AI with expert review.

Embed AI Literacy: Train educators and students on responsible AI use.


Reference:

Khamis, N., & Ungaretti, T. (2025). Faculty Development for AI Integration in Health Professions Education. Medical Science Educator. [link.springer.com]

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40670-025-02573-8

Sahu, P. K. et al. (2024). ChatGPT in Research and Health Professions Education: Challenges and Opportunities. Postgraduate Medical Journal. [academic.oup.com]

https://academic.oup.com/pmj/article/100/1179/50/7304050



5. Suggested Readings & Resources

Comprehensive Educators Guide for AI in Health Professions Education [uab.edu]

https://www.uab.edu/medicine/biomedicalinnovation/images/resources/comprehensive-educators-guide-for-ai-in-health-professions-education.pdf

Stanford Medicine AI in Medical Education Resources [med.stanford.edu]

https://med.stanford.edu/ai-in-meded.html

Dynamic Duo: How Open Education and Artificial Intelligence Catalyzes Collaboration and Co-Creation in Health Professions Education - APMEC 2026 panel discussion

https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/cenmed/sites/apmec2026/programs.html

Dynamic Duo: How Open Education and Artificial Intelligence Catalyzes Collaboration and Co-Creation in Health Professions Education

The Evolution and Impact of Open Educational Resources in Health Professions Education

Tao Le, USA

Leveraging AI to Transform OER Creation and Use

Goh Poh Sun, Singapore

Student Co-Creation in Open Health Professions Education

Kana Halic Kordic, Croatia


CopilotHere’s a structured outline for your panel discussion presentation on “Leveraging AI to Transform Open Education Resource (OER) Creation and Use”, including key points and references:


Title

Leveraging AI to Transform Open Education Resource Creation and Use


1. Introduction

Context: OER aims to democratize education by providing free, openly licensed learning materials.

Challenge: Traditional OER creation is time-intensive and requires expertise.

Opportunity: AI offers tools for automated content generation, personalization, and scalability.


2. Why AI Matters for OER

Generative AI can:

Create textbooks, quizzes, multimedia rapidly.

Translate and localize content for diverse learners.

Improve accessibility (e.g., alt-text, adaptive formats).


AI-driven analytics:

Identify gaps in existing OER.

Recommend resources based on learner profiles.


Reference:

Panke, S. (2024). Open Educational Resources and Artificial Intelligence for Future Open Education. Mousaion, 42(1). DOI: 10.25159/0027-2639/15106 [researchgate.net]

https://unisapressjournals.co.za/index.php/LIS/article/view/15106

Rampelt, F. et al. (2025). How Do AI Educators Use Open Educational Resources? Open Praxis, 17(1), 46–63. DOI: 10.55982/openpraxis.17.1.766 [openpraxis.org]

https://openpraxis.org/articles/10.55982/openpraxis.17.1.766


3. Key Applications

Content Creation: AI tools like GPT can generate modular OER units.

Personalization: Adaptive learning paths using AI.

Translation & Localization: AI supports multilingual OER.

Quality Enhancement: AI-assisted peer review and plagiarism checks.


Reference:

Amnie, A. (2025). Harnessing AI in Developing OER – Educational Technology. Hostos EdTech Innovations. Link [commons.ho...s.cuny.edu]

https://commons.hostos.cuny.edu/edtech/faculty/newsletter/issue-28/harnessing-ai-in-developing-oer/

Yousuf, M. A. (2023). Using Generative AI to Develop and Promote OER. Maryland OER Summit. PDF [usmd.edu]

https://www.usmd.edu/cai/sites/default/files/Using%20Generative%20AI%20to%20Develop%20And%20Promote%20Open%20Educational%20Resources.pdf


4. Ethical and Practical Considerations

Bias and Accuracy: AI-generated content must be fact-checked.

Copyright & Licensing: Ensure AI outputs comply with CC licenses.

Sustainability: Address ecological impact of large AI models.

AI Literacy: Educators need training to use AI responsibly.


Reference:

Kimmons, R., Veletsianos, G., & Trust, T. (2025). Judicious AI Use to Improve Existing OER. AI and Open Education Initiative. Link [aiopeneduc...pubpub.org]

https://aiopeneducation.pubpub.org/pub/bl09sl1d/release/2

Ossiannilsson, E. et al. (2024). AI Use to Empower OER Implementation and UNESCO OER Recommendation. Open Praxis, 16(2), 237–257. DOI: 10.55982/openpraxis.16.2.650 [openpraxis.org]

https://openpraxis.org/articles/10.55982/openpraxis.16.2.650



5. Best Practices for Educators

Start Small: Use AI for micro-content before full courses.

Collaborate: Share AI-generated OER in open repositories.

Validate: Combine AI outputs with expert review.

Policy Alignment: Follow institutional and UNESCO OER guidelines.


Reference:

MIT Open Learning (2025). AI + Open Education Initiative Speaker Series. Link [openlearning.mit.edu]

https://openlearning.mit.edu/news/mit-open-learning-speaker-series-bridges-ai-and-open-education

ACRL Panel (2025). OER Evolved: AI, Libraries, and the Next Generation of Open Education. Link [connect.ala.org]

https://connect.ala.org/acrl/discussion/free-online-panel-discussion-oer-evolved-ai-libraries-and-the-next-generation-of-open-education-2


6. Future Directions

AI-powered OER ecosystems: Dynamic, personalized, multilingual.

Integration with LMS: Seamless AI-OER workflows.

Global Collaboration: Shared AI models for OER across regions.


References Slide

Include all cited works in APA format:


Panke, S. (2024). Open Educational Resources and Artificial Intelligence for Future Open Education. Mousaion, 42(1), 23 pages.

Rampelt, F., et al. (2025). How Do AI Educators Use Open Educational Resources? Open Praxis, 17(1), 46–63.

Ossiannilsson, E., et al. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Use to Empower the Implementation of OER and the UNESCO OER Recommendation. Open Praxis, 16(2), 237–257.

Amnie, A. (2025). Harnessing AI in Developing OER. Hostos EdTech Innovations.

Yousuf, M. A. (2023). Using Generative AI to Develop and Promote OER. Maryland OER Summit.

MIT Open Learning (2025). AI + Open Education Initiative Speaker Series.

Kimmons, R., Veletsianos, G., & Trust, T. (2025). Judicious AI Use to Improve Existing OER.



✅ Detailed Speaking Script for Panel Discussion


Slide 1: Title – Leveraging AI to Transform OER Creation and Use

Script:

“Welcome everyone to our panel discussion on Leveraging AI to Transform Open Education Resource Creation and Use. Today, we’ll explore how AI can revolutionize the way we create, share, and use OER, making education more accessible and personalized globally.”


Slide 2: Introduction

Script:

“OERs are free, openly licensed educational materials that aim to democratize learning. However, creating high-quality OER is time-consuming and resource-intensive. AI offers a unique opportunity to automate content generation, improve accessibility, and scale OER globally. Let’s see why this matters.”


Slide 3: Why AI Matters for OER

Script:

“Generative AI can create textbooks, quizzes, and multimedia content quickly. It can translate and localize resources for diverse learners and improve accessibility through features like alt-text and adaptive formats. AI-driven analytics can identify gaps in existing OER and recommend resources tailored to learner needs.”


Slide 4: Key Applications

Script:

“AI can assist in content creation, personalization, translation, and quality enhancement. For example, GPT models can generate modular learning units, while AI tools can help educators review content for accuracy and plagiarism. These applications make OER more dynamic and learner-centered.”


Slide 5: Ethical and Practical Considerations

Script:

“With great power comes responsibility. AI-generated content must be fact-checked to avoid misinformation. Licensing compliance is critical to maintain openness. We also need to address sustainability concerns and ensure educators have AI literacy to use these tools effectively.”


Slide 6: Best Practices for Educators

Script:

“Start small—use AI for micro-content before scaling to full courses. Collaborate by sharing AI-generated OER in open repositories. Validate AI outputs with expert review. And align with institutional and UNESCO OER guidelines to ensure ethical and inclusive practices.”


Slide 7: Future Directions

Script:

“Imagine AI-powered OER ecosystems that are dynamic, personalized, and multilingual. Integration with LMS will make workflows seamless. Global collaboration can lead to shared AI models for OER, fostering equity and innovation in education worldwide.”


Slide 8: References

Script:

“These references provide deeper insights into AI and OER. I encourage you to explore them for practical strategies and research findings. Thank you for joining this discussion—let’s open the floor for questions.”


Wednesday, 19 November 2025

M3 Tutorial on Monday, 1st December 2025 @ 1pm

 


                   


⬇️

⬇️
Dear Phase III Surgery CG 14 - 25 Students,
For the Radiology session  “Acute Abdomen”, this will be a one and a half hour scheduled live interactive teaching session (on Zoom) this coming Monday, 7 July 2025 at 1pm on Zoom, including time for self-study during the session of the presented and reference-further reading online content (see below). Please refer to NUS Elentra and visit the blog for the open access online content curated by A/Prof Goh Poh Sun at this URL - https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2025/11/m3-tutorial-on-monday-1st-december-2025.html

Remarks : Please review the session outline and content before the tutorial. During the live session, I will highlight relevance of material, share ideas of how to make full use of this material, and for those students who have reviewed material beforehand, engage in interactive Q and A. Other students will have around 30 minutes or more within the allocated curricular time to do self-study of this material.

We will be covering 7 major clinical conditions (below) 

Radiology Bowel Perforation
Radiology Bowel Obstruction
Radiology Acute Appendicitis
Radiology Acute Cholecystitis
Radiology Acute Diverticulitis
Radiology Acute Pancreatitis
Radiology Colon Cancer

Best regards
Poh Sun

(This tutorial process has been iteratively refined over the last year, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Learning takes place essentially as a process of self study, in each of you individually. Following by active discussion and use of this material in clinical practice. For this session, we will review and discuss your understanding during the live session this Friday. My role is to present compact, usable content, that you can both review and use, and come back to, as and when you require in the future. For those of you who are interested in how this tutorial process has been refined with previous tutorial groups please click to tap on this link - https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2025/06/m3-tutorial-on-monday-7-july-2025-1pm.html

⬇️
Start here with background info and learning tips
⬇️

Some tips to increase your learning and training effectiveness and efficiency:
Poh-Sun Goh

1. Reflect on the purpose of your medical education and expected outcomes of your undergraduate education and clinical training process.
2. Your current clinical exposure to case based learning in the emergency department, wards, and clinics-outpatient settings builds on a foundation of pre-clinical basic sciences in year 1 and 2 of the medical program (with anatomy and pathology particularly applicable to the interpretation of radiology / imaging studies of your patients).
3. For the abdomen, think about what anatomical structures lie within the area of interest/clinical presentation, or may present with the clinical symptoms and signs exhibited by your patients. Ask yourself what radiological investigation you might request or review in order to make a diagnosis - to rule in, or rule out potential clinical diagnosis. Radiology helps you to "see living anatomy and pathology" in your patients. Thus confirm or exclude diagnosis. Keep in mind that early disease may have very subtle of "negative" imaging during the early stages of clinically symptomatic disease.
4. Review the Radiology studies for your patients. Ask yourself why certain investigations were performed. And in what order.
5. Correlate imaging findings with your clinical observations. Do they make sense, correlate with clinical findings, or do you have to entertain alternative diagnostic possibilities?
6. Use textbooks and a wide variety of online resources to improve your diagnostic and interpretative skills. Practice, practice, practice with reflection and feedback, using a range of resources, to increase your exposure to the variety and spectrum of clinical and imaging findings, both normal and abnormal, from typical, to less common and atypical (as you progress to increase your experience and mastery of clinical practice, and improve your knowledge and skills from undergraduate, through postgraduate to continuing professional development and lifelong learning settings).
7. Compare and contrast is one of the simplest and most effective methods to learn to recognise and differentiate between normal and abnormal XRs and scans. Review a series of normal XRs and scans, and then do side by side comparison between examples of normal, normal and abnormal, and examples of abnormal XRs and scans. 

https://effectiviology.com/interleaving/ (mixed practice or interleaving superior to blocked practice)

and



⬇️
Below section is guided learning path (Option 1)
⬇️

Session guide (one learning path) - start with 'Tips' section above, then explore material section below, all on open access websites. One path is to start with 'a curriculum', then explore an approach to the AXR, both normal, and abnormal. Followed by review of common pathology presenting as an acute abdomen on CT scans. Start with bowel perforation on erect CXR, and AXR, unknown cases, for example here, focusing on appearance of free air, and 'Rigler's sign' on AXR. Then move on to examples of acute appendicitisacute cholecystitisacute diverticulitis (focusing on the similarities between these three pathologies, and taking note of differences between normal and abnormal structures, paying attention to the wall of the structure, and the adjacent fat in particular). Then review bowel obstruction, on the AXR, and CT scan, paying attention to the strengths and weaknesses of the AXR, and added value of a CT scan - pay attention to visibility of bowel segment which is dilated proximal to obstructing point, and cause of obstruction shown on CT).

⬇️
Below section is alternative exploratory path (Option 2)
Starting with background information, and "curriculum"
⬇️



⬇️
Below section for Google images search for thematic cases (for practice review, and click through for additional information for selected cases)
⬇️

Radiology Colon Cancer


⬇️
Section below for self-directed learning



👁
Google and Entrada analytics for current tutorial
👀
⬇️

Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education - APMEC 2026 Symposium No 16, Saturday, 24 January 2026

https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/cenmed/sites/apmec2026/programs.html#mainConf2

Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education


Global Perspectives: Diversity and Inclusion in Health Professions Education

Goh Poh Sun, Singapore


Building Bridges: Interprofessional Collaboration in Health Professions Education

Ardi Findyartini, Indonesia


Accreditation as a Catalyst for Diversity and Collaboration in Medical Education

Elisabeth Schlegel, Bahamas


CopilotThat’s a great topic! “Global Perspectives: Diversity and Inclusion in Health Professions Education” is highly relevant today as healthcare systems worldwide aim to prepare professionals who can deliver equitable care in increasingly diverse societies.

Here are some key angles you might explore:


1. Why Diversity and Inclusion Matter in Health Professions Education

Improved Patient Outcomes: Diverse teams better understand cultural nuances, leading to more patient-centered care.

Reducing Health Disparities: Inclusive education helps future professionals address systemic inequities.

Global Mobility: Health professionals often work across borders; cultural competence is essential.


2. Global Perspectives

North America & Europe: Strong emphasis on cultural competence and anti-bias training.

Asia-Pacific: Growing focus on multilingual education and addressing rural-urban disparities.

Africa & Latin America: Challenges include resource constraints and integrating indigenous health practices.


3. Strategies for Inclusion

Curriculum Design: Embedding cultural humility, social determinants of health, and equity principles.

Faculty Development: Training educators to model inclusive behaviors.

Student Recruitment: Policies to increase representation from underrepresented groups.


4. Challenges

Resistance to change in traditional curricula.

Limited resources in low-income regions.

Balancing global standards with local cultural contexts.


5. Future Directions

Use of AI and VR for immersive cultural competence training.

Global collaborations for shared best practices.

Accreditation standards incorporating diversity metrics.


Would you like me to draft a structured outline for a presentation or article on this topic? Or perhaps create a summary with key references from recent research and global guidelines?

Provide your feedback on BizChatYou said: This presentation will compare approaches to diversity and inclusion in health professions education worldwide. It will include discussions on mentorship and support systems, policy and advocacy, community engagement, the use of technology, and implementing global strategies locally.Copilot said: CopilotGreat, that’s a clear and comprehensive scope! Here’s how we can structure your presentation to cover those elements effectively:


Proposed Structure for Your Presentation

Title

Global Perspectives: Diversity and Inclusion in Health Professions Education


1. Introduction

Why diversity and inclusion matter globally in health professions education.

Brief overview of disparities and cultural competence needs.


2. Comparative Approaches Worldwide

North America & Europe: Emphasis on anti-bias training, policy frameworks.

Asia-Pacific: Focus on multilingual education and rural access.

Africa & Latin America: Integration of indigenous practices and resource challenges.


3. Mentorship and Support Systems

Examples of structured mentorship programs for underrepresented students.

Peer support networks and faculty development initiatives.


4. Policy and Advocacy

Global policies (WHO, WFME) promoting equity.

National-level strategies and accreditation standards.


5. Community Engagement

Service-learning models.

Partnerships with local communities to address social determinants of health.


6. Use of Technology

AI and VR for cultural competence training.

Telehealth and digital platforms for inclusive education.



7. Implementing Global Strategies Locally

Adapting international best practices to local cultural and resource contexts.

Case studies from different regions.


8. Challenges and Future Directions

Barriers to implementation.

Opportunities for global collaboration and innovation.



9. Conclusion

Key takeaways and call to action for educators and policymakers.


Would you like me to create a detailed slide deck outline with suggested visuals and talking points for each section, or draft a full narrative script for your presentation?

I can also compile recent global research and policy references to strengthen your content. Which option would you prefer?

Provide your feedback on BizChatYou said: The symposium titled "Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education" emphasizes the significance of diversity and collaboration in health professions education. It explores strategies to enhance interprofessional collaboration, promote global perspectives on diversity, and understand accreditation and institutional perspectives. Part 1: Interprofessional Collaboration This section discusses fostering collaboration among different health professions to improve patient care and educational outcomes. Key topics include cultural competence, inclusive curriculum design, addressing implicit biases, and best practices in interprofessional education (IPE). Part 2: Global Perspectives on Diversity The focus shifts to comparing approaches to diversity and inclusion in health professions education globally. Subtopics include mentorship and support systems, policy and advocacy, community engagement, use of technology, and implementing global strategies locally. Part 3: Accreditation and Institutional Perspectives This part highlights the role of accreditation in promoting diversity and collaboration. It covers LCME and CAAM-HP accreditation standards, faculty development, institutional research efforts, case studies from the 2025 APMEC meeting, and leveraging accreditation for institutional change. Part 4: Asian-Pacific Perspectives A panel discussion provides insights from the Asian-Pacific region, discussing regional challenges and opportunities, successful models, integrating global and regional perspectives, and adapting global best practices to the Asian-Pacific context. Closing The symposium concludes with a summary and key takeaways, emphasizing future directions and the importance of continued collaboration. Closing remarks encourage ongoing dialogue and shared learning.Copilot said: CopilotThank you for sharing the full symposium structure—it’s very well thought out and comprehensive! Here’s how we can turn this into a clear, engaging presentation framework:


✅ Symposium Structure with Suggested Enhancements

Opening

Theme: Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education

Brief framing: Why diversity and collaboration are critical for global health education.


Part 1: Interprofessional Collaboration

Goal: Show how collaboration among health professions improves care and education.


Key Topics:

Cultural competence in team-based care.

Inclusive curriculum design for IPE.

Addressing implicit bias in interprofessional settings.

Best practices and case examples of successful IPE programs.


Visual Ideas:

Diagram of interprofessional team roles.

Infographic on benefits of IPE for patient outcomes.


Part 2: Global Perspectives on Diversity

Goal: Compare global approaches and strategies.


Subtopics:

Mentorship and support systems for underrepresented groups.

Policy and advocacy frameworks (WHO, WFME).

Community engagement models.

Technology in promoting inclusion (AI, VR, telehealth).

Adapting global strategies locally—case studies.



Visual Ideas:

World map highlighting regional initiatives.

Table comparing diversity strategies across continents.



Part 3: Accreditation and Institutional Perspectives

Goal: Show how accreditation drives diversity and collaboration.

Coverage:

LCME and CAAM-HP standards.

Faculty development and institutional research.

Case studies from APMEC 2025.

Leveraging accreditation for systemic change.



Visual Ideas:

Flowchart linking accreditation standards to institutional outcomes.

Snapshot of diversity metrics in accreditation rubrics.


Part 4: Asian-Pacific Perspectives

Goal: Regional insights and adaptation of global best practices.


Discussion Points:

Regional challenges and opportunities.

Successful models in Asia-Pacific.

Integrating global and local perspectives.


Visual Ideas:

Panel discussion highlights.

Regional success stories infographic.


Closing

Summary of key takeaways.

Future directions: global collaboration, technology, policy.

Call to action for continued dialogue and shared learning.



✅ Next Steps

Would you like me to:


Create a detailed slide deck outline with suggested visuals and talking points for each section?

Draft a full narrative script for the symposium presentation?

Compile recent global research, policy references, and case studies to strengthen your content?


Or all three combined into a comprehensive presentation package?

Provide your feedback on BizChatYou said: Please plan symposium including key messages and referencesCopilot said: CopilotHere’s a comprehensive symposium plan for Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education, including key messages for each part and recent references from global literature and APMEC-related sources.


✅ Symposium Plan

Theme

Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration in Health Professions Education


Opening

Key Message:

Diversity and collaboration are essential for preparing health professionals to deliver equitable, culturally competent care in a globalized world.


Part 1: Interprofessional Collaboration

Focus: Fostering collaboration among health professions to improve patient care and educational outcomes.

Key Messages:

Interprofessional Education (IPE) builds teamwork, communication, and shared decision-making skills.

Cultural competence and inclusive curriculum design are critical for effective collaboration.

Addressing implicit bias enhances team dynamics and patient safety.


References:

Patel H et al. A scoping review of interprofessional education in healthcare: evaluating competency development, educational outcomes and challenges. BMC Med Educ, 2025. [bmcmededuc...entral.com]

Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC). Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: Version 3. 2023. [ipecollaborative.org]

Meyer MRU et al. Fostering Collaborative Practice Through Interprofessional Education. Fam Med, 2025. [journals.stfm.org]


Part 2: Global Perspectives on Diversity

Focus: Comparing approaches to diversity and inclusion worldwide.

Key Messages:

Mentorship and support systems are evolving from dyadic models to networks and communities of practice.

Policy and advocacy frameworks (WHO, WFME) drive equity in education.

Technology (AI, VR, telehealth) can enhance cultural competence and access.

Global strategies must be adapted to local contexts for sustainability.


References:

Ramani S et al. Mentorship in health professions education – AMEE Guide No. 167. Med Teacher, 2023. [helda.helsinki.fi]

Edgar AK et al. Inclusivity in health professional education: how can virtual simulation foster attitudes of inclusion? Adv Simul, 2024. [advancesin...entral.com]

Walker ER et al. Strategies to Promote Inclusive Learning Environments in Health Professions Education. J Intersections, 2025. [jintersections.org]

OECD. Digital equity and inclusion in education: An overview of practice and policy. 2023. [one.oecd.org]



Part 3: Accreditation and Institutional Perspectives

Focus: Role of accreditation in promoting diversity and collaboration.

Key Messages:

LCME and CAAM-HP standards emphasize diversity in admissions and learning environments.

Accreditation can be leveraged for institutional change and faculty development.

Institutional research and case studies (APMEC 2025) show how accreditation drives innovation.


References:

LCME. Functions and Structure of a Medical School – Standards. 2025. [lcme.org]

CAAM-HP. Standards for the Accreditation of Medical Schools in the Caribbean Community. 2017. [mymedschool.org]

Nguyen M et al. Medical School Faculty Diversity and LCME’s Diversity Standards. JAMA Netw Open, 2025. [jamanetwork.com]


Part 4: Asian-Pacific Perspectives

Focus: Regional challenges and opportunities, integrating global and local strategies.

Key Messages:

Cultural norms (hierarchical, collectivist) influence teamwork and feedback.

Successful models in Asia-Pacific emphasize community engagement and culturally sensitive pedagogy.

Adaptation of global best practices requires contextualization.


References:

Claramita M et al. Challenges and Opportunities in Health Professions Education: Perspectives in the Context of Cultural Diversity. Springer, 2022. [link.springer.com]

APMEC 2026 Theme: Harmony in Diversity Through Collaboration. NUS CenMED. [medicine.nus.edu.sg]

APMEC 2025 case studies on mentorship and collaboration. [linkedin.com]



Closing

Key Messages:

Diversity and collaboration are not optional—they are foundational for quality health education.

Future directions: global partnerships, technology-enabled inclusion, and accreditation-driven change.

Call to action: continued dialogue and shared learning across borders.



CopilotHere’s what I’ve prepared for you:

✅ References

You can cite these key sources for your symposium:


Interprofessional Collaboration

Oudbier J, Verheijck E, van Diermen D, et al. Enhancing the effectiveness of interprofessional education in health science education: a state-of-the-art review. BMC Med Educ. 2024. Link

https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-024-06466-z

Health Professions Accreditors Collaborative. Guidance on Developing Quality Interprofessional Education for the Health Professions. 2019. Link

https://healthprofessionsaccreditors.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/HPACGuidance02-01-19.pdf

WHO. Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice. 2010. Link

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/framework-for-action-on-interprofessional-education-collaborative-practice


Global Perspectives on Diversity

Gonzalez CM, De Leon E. A Call to Promote Interventions for Increased Diversity in Health Professions Programs. JAMA Netw Open. 2023. Link

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2813420

Shah D, Behravan N, Al-Jabouri N, Sibbald M. Incorporating equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) into professionalism education. BMC Med Educ. 2024. Link

https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-024-05981-3

Wu A, Patel R, Luong J, et al. The importance of multiculturalism in medical education: a global comparison. JRSM Open. 2025. Link

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20542704251322244


Accreditation & Institutional Perspectives

LCME. Announcement on Element 3.3 (Diversity Programs and Partnerships). 2025. Link

https://lcme.org/announcement-may-19-2025/

CAAM-HP. Accreditation Standards and Mission. Link

https://caam-hp.org/

AMA. Preserving LCME and ACGME Accreditation Standards on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. 2025. Link

https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/a25-rfs-late-resolution-1.pdf


Asian-Pacific Perspectives

Claramita M, Findyartini A, Samarasekera DD, Nishigori H. Challenges and Opportunities in Health Professions Education: Perspectives in the Context of Cultural Diversity. Springer, 2022. Link

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-16-7232-3

APMEC 2026 Program Highlights. Link

https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/cenmed/sites/apmec2026/

Wednesday, 5 November 2025

Imaging of Respiratory Tract Disorders - Respiratory System Block for Self-Directed Learning - 25 November 2025

There are three sections to this open access website clearly marked below - Section 1: including link and screenshot of professionally produced segmented e-Lecture; Section 2: including lecture slides with full accompanying transcript; and Section 3: links to curated open access interactive self-study materials related to topic. The pedagogical approach, main ideas and clinical relevance are sequentially outlined in step-wise manner below.

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Dear Phase 2 Students

The lecture will be a self-directed learning lecture.

Link to self-directed e-Lecture is within open access webpage link below.


the link to Elantra (with my pre-recorded video uploaded) below (and screenshot)







with link to e-Lecture (screenshot below)




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alternative modular self-study pathways, curated online content, and links to my individual slides are accessible on following link, from last year's session

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2024/10/imaging-of-respiratory-tract-disorders.html

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Warmest regards,

Poh-Sun 

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_______________________


(e)Lecture Outline

Section 1: Introduction 
and
Pre-lecture reflection questions / recall and review if necessary Y1 material

Section 2: Learning objectives

Section 3: Pre-test

Section 4: Lecture proper

Part 1 - review of basic principles of CXR production and tissue characterization

Part 2 - review of the CXR findings in six major diseases

Section 5: Post-test

___________________________


Section 1: Introduction 


Lets start by revising what we have covered last year.  This exercise to recall what you know follows recommendations from the educational literature on how to promote learning. By first revisiting, reviewing and recalling what has been learnt previously. The process of recalling information provides the foundation for new learning.  Learning something new is built on a foundation of prior knowledge. Repetition, review and recall promotes learning.



Please reflect on each of the following questions, pause after each question, write down your answer, and reflect upon your answer. 


1. What is the relevance of diagnostic imaging/radiology in your future clinical practice?

2. How are CXRs and CT scans of the chest produced?

3. How do different tissues appear on CXRs and CT scans? Why does bone appear white? Air black? Soft tissues varying shades of grey?

4. Can you identify normal anatomy on a CXR? CT scan of the chest?

5. Do you know where to find the lecture material on this topic presented in Year 1?

If you are unsure of the answer to any of these questions, please revisit and review the relevant sections in the Y1 lecture and interactive eLecture on the websites below.






Section 2 : Learning objectives of this (e)Lecture



Recall that radiology allows you (as future doctors), to see "living" anatomy, and "in vivo" pathology.

This ability to visualise what is going on in the patient in front of you, in both health and disease will be a useful diagnostic tool for you as doctors.

The easiest way to make sense of what you see on a radiology examination is to recall what you have been exposed to and learnt recently in gross pathology.

We will focus on the Chest Radiograph in this lecture. This is the most commonly requested radiology investigation. While this lecture won't show you every possible abnormality visible on CXRs, it is the start of a learning and skill development process. We will spend time on typical presentations of several common and important clinical conditions, and use these to illustrate the basics of CXR interpretation. As you develop experience over the next few years, you will gradually become more familiar with more subtle or gross presentations of disease, with more atypical features.

As you no doubt realise, an XR or scan is a snapshot of a point in time of a developing disease process. Early on, the manifestations of a disease on an XR or scan might be small, ill defined, or difficult to visualise. Later in the disease process, an abnormal feature might be large, and also difficult to define (for example a small, moderate size or large pleural effusion). It may be initially difficult for you to determine with a completely opaque hemithorax whether you are dealing with pneumonia, a large effusion or complete collapse of the lung.




For those of you who are focused on more immediate concerns, the assessment items on radiology that you will be faced with will evaluate your ability to recognise major examples of pathology on common radiological examinations. For example on the chest radiograph or CXR.




To review again the learning objectives of the undergraduate radiology program in the medical curriculum, you can see how radiology translates what you have learnt in Y1 anatomy, to give you the ability to see "in vivo" living anatomy in your future patients.

And visualise in vivo pathology in your patients. 


Section 3 : Pre-test



Lets do an assessment exercise now to not only show you what potential future examination assessment items might be, but also to illustrate how radiology (on the following CXRs) allows you to visualise gross pathology in your patient.



Google image search "lung gross pathology lung cancer"
Google image search "patient with lung cancer"

Google image search for "lung gross pathology pneumothorax"
Google image search "patient with pneumothorax"
Google image search "patient with tension pneumothorax"

Google image search for "lung gross pathology pneumonia"
Google image search "patient with pneumonia"

Google image search for "lung gross pathology pleural effusion"
Google image search "patient with pleural effusion"

Google image search "lung gross pathology cardiac failure pulmonary odema"
Google image search "patient with pulmonary oedema"

Google image search "lung gross pathology cardiac failure alveolar pulmonary odema"

Google image search "lung gross pathology cardiac failure interstitial pulmonary oedema"

Google image search for "gross pathology rib fractures"
Google image search for "patient with rib fractures"

Google image search for "cadaver rib fractures"



Please try and match the five diagnoses (A to E) with the CXRs provided (1 to 6). There are two examples on the CXRs provided of one of the five diagnoses.

This exercise begins the process to introducing you to the typical appearance of common and important clinical problems that your patient may present with.



Section 4: (e)Lecture proper

We will focus on two major areas. Firstly review basic principles of CXR production and interpretation. And then review the key features of six major clinical problems on CXRs.






We first very briefly review basic principles behind the production of a CXR, and why different tissues have different densities on XRs (white, shades of grey, and black).





Recall that XRs are produced by placing you patient between an XR source, and a recording medium; which may be an XR film, or digital recording plate.  The XR is therefore a record of the absorption of XRs as they pass through different organs and tissues in your patient.




By convention, on a XR, black represents areas of greatest XR absorption, and white the least absorption of XRs. On this normal CXR, you can see the radiographic densities of five categories of tissue. Air being blackest, with gradually lighter shades of grey with fat, soft tissue/blood/muscle, bone and metal. You will appreciate how fat being less dense than soft tissue will absorb less XRs, and appear a darker shade of grey than soft tissues or muscle.






This difference in XR absorption between different tissues and organs allows you to distinguish the edge or surface between different tissue layers and organs. Because XRs travel in straight lines through your patient, the interface between different tissues is highlighted and visible at tissue interfaces tangential to the path of the XR beam. This is referred to as the "silhouette sign". A simple analogy help you visualize this is to recall the what the silhouette of an object looks like when placed between a candle or light source and a background surface. The edge of the projected "shadow" is the silhouette making the edge between absorbed and transmitted light.





We use the silhouette phenomenon on a CXR to detect the edge between the normal left heart border, and adjacent aerated normal lung which contains air. We also use this to see the normal lung markings, due to difference in XR absorption between the blood within the pulmonary vessels and the adjacent normal lung. In disease, when the alveoli or air spaces in the lung are filled with fluid, blood or pus, we lose the ability of see these edges, allowing us to infer that the air spaces in the lung are not aerated or air filled.





Finally, an appreciation of the geometry of the XR beam passing through you patient allows you to understand how the heart, which you recall lies anteriorly on the front of the chest cavity is less magnified on a PA (posterior anterior) CXR, where the beam passes from back to front of the patient, compared to an AP (anterior posterior) CXR. Because patients have different chest front to back thicknesses, an AP film does not give you a good estimate of the transverse width of the heart, compared with the internal side to side chest diameter. The ratio of the widest side to side width of the heart divided by internal chest diameter (widest at that level) should be less than 50% in patients who do not have cardiomegaly; and is more reliably assessed on PA rather than AP CXRs, since we are not able to appreciate the front to back diameter of patients on CXRs; and cannot correct for this magnification factor when viewing AP CXRs.





We will now focus on the key radiological features of a few major disease categories on the CXR.

These 6 diseases are not only common, but need to be recognised quickly, accurately and confidently by you as future doctors in the EMD, wards and clinics; as you patient may require urgent treatment.

This is also why testing your ability to recognise these diseases on radiological examinations will take place not only in the radiology section of the examination, but radiology images will also be shown to you as part of the work up and assessment of your patients.



see segmented video of e-Lecture



Pneumothorax (mp4)



Pleural Effusion (mp4)



Rib Fractures (mp4)



Pneumonia is described as an area of consolidation, or air space shadowing on a CXR. This appearance may be due to pus (pneumonia), fluid (pulmonary oedema), or blood (for example lung contusion or a pulmonary infarct). A definitive diagnosis is made by correlating the radiological appearance on the CXR with the clinical setting, or clinical findings.

Pneumonia (mp4)


see segmented video of e-Lecture


Lung Mass (mp4)






Cardiac Failure (mp4)



In this second major section of the (e)Lecture, we will review six major diseases and their CXR findings. Please review the description of the key features of each disease, and then a typical CXR of each disease.




Pneumothorax (mp4)
                         
https://www.dropbox.com/s/g7800b1qivoqqrm/Y2pneumothorax.mp4?dl=0








Pleural Effusion (mp4)







Rib Fractures (mp4)







Pneumonia (mp4)







see segmented video of e-Lecture


Lung Mass (mp4)






Cardiac Failure (mp4)








Section 5 : Answers to the pre-test

We conclude this (e)Lecture by revisiting the quiz presented to you at the beginning of this lecture. The answers should be quite obvious to you after this presentation, and are given on the single slide below. Please review the content of this lecture again, focusing on any area you might be unsure about. Please ask any questions you might have now, or post any questions on Entrada immediately after the lecture. I will address these questions both live during the lecture, as well as after the lecture on Entrada.


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Further Reading


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Phase 1 Lecture (2025)

https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2025/11/imaging-of-chest-and-lungs-respiratory.html


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